Scopolamine suppresses both locomotion and object contact in a free-exploration situation

Renner, Michael; Dodson, Deanna L.; LeDuc, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90384-r

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although measurements of animals' investigation of novel objects featured in some earlier studies (Berlyne, 1955;McCall et al, 1969), they have become more popular in recent times (Anderson et al, 2003;Pisula and Siegel, 2005;Renner et al, 1992a) particularly in the context of drug testing (Heyser et al, 2004;Nicholls et al, 1992;Renner et al, 1992b), and comparative studies of curiosity and neophobia (notably in parrots, Huber et al, 2001;Mettke-Hofmann et al, 2002.…”

Section: Object Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neotic preferences in laboratory rodents: Issues, assessment and substrates

Hughes

2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

154

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Section: Object Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neotic preferences in laboratory rodents: Issues, assessment and substrates

Hughes

2007

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

154

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“…In rodents, novel stimuli elicit a behavioral conflict between avoidance and exploration (1,33). The novelty behavior paradigm is a method to elicit relatively robust approach behaviors in rodents when they encounter novel objects (6,34,35). Hippocampal theta rhythms are associated with diverse cognitive and behavioral functions in rodents and humans (17,36,37).…”

Section: Optogenetic Modulation Of Septo-hippocampal Gabaergic Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medial septal GABAergic projection neurons promote object exploration behavior and type 2 theta rhythm

Gangadharan

Shin

Kim

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Exploratory drive is one of the most fundamental emotions, of all organisms, that are evoked by novelty stimulation. Exploratory behavior plays a fundamental role in motivation, learning, and well-being of organisms. Diverse exploratory behaviors have been described, although their heterogeneity is not certain because of the lack of solid experimental evidence for their distinction. Here we present results demonstrating that different neural mechanisms underlie different exploratory behaviors. Localized Ca v 3.1 knockdown in the medial septum (MS) selectively enhanced object exploration, whereas the null mutant (KO) mice showed enhancedobject exploration as well as open-field exploration. In MS knockdown mice, only type 2 hippocampal theta rhythm was enhanced, whereas both type 1 and type 2 theta rhythm were enhanced in KO mice. This selective effect was accompanied by markedly increased excitability of septo-hippocampal GABAergic projection neurons in the MS lacking T-type Ca 2+ channels. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of the septo-hippocampal GABAergic pathway in WT mice also selectively enhanced object exploration behavior and type 2 theta rhythm, whereas inhibition of the same pathway decreased the behavior and the rhythm. These findings define object exploration distinguished from open-field exploration and reveal a critical role of T-type Ca 2+ channels in the medial septal GABAergic projection neurons in this behavior. Ca v 3.1 T-type Ca2+ channel | exploratory behaviors | hippocampal theta rhythm | medial septum | septo-hippocampal GABAergic neurons

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“…Mice were tested in the novel object test, a free exploration paradigm (Belzung, 1992;Renner et al, 1992;Belzung and Le Pape, 1994) that provides animals the opportunity to explore a novel object in a non-threatening and familiar environment. Both genotypes spent a higher percentage of time and made a higher percentage of entries into the center after introduction of the cup, confirming that the novel cup elicited approach behavior.…”

Section: Novel Object Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, the emergence test is a free exploration paradigm designed to reduce anxiety by providing a safe enclosure within the open field in order to assess approach or exploratory behavior in rodents (Welker, 1957;Misslin and Cigrand, 1986). The novel object test (Belzung, 1992;Renner et al, 1992) is another free exploration paradigm, which elicits the most approach or exploration of the three tests by presenting animals with the most novel stimuli (Berlyne, 1960;Fowler, 1965;Berlyne and Slater, 1969;Dutch and Brown, 1971) in a familiar environmental context. By comparing the effect sizes of phenotypic differences in the three tests, it is possible to disentangle the potential role of the D4R in exploratory behavior from its potential role in anxiety-related behavior (Montgomery, 1955).…”

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confidence: 99%

Dopamine D4 Receptor-Knock-Out Mice Exhibit Reduced Exploration of Novel Stimuli

Dulawa¹,

et al. 1999

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The involvement of dopamine neurotransmission in behavioral responses to novelty is suggested by reports that reward is related to increased dopamine activity, that dopamine modulates exploratory behavior in animals, and that Parkinson's disease patients report diminished responses to novelty. Some studies have reported that polymorphisms of the human dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) gene are associated with personality inventory measures of the trait called "novelty-seeking". To explore a potential role for the D4R in behavioral responses to novelty, we evaluated D4R-knock-out (D4RϪ/Ϫ) and wild-type (D4Rϩ/ϩ) mice in three approach-avoidance paradigms: the open field, emergence, and novel object tests. These three paradigms differ in the degree to which they elicit approach, or exploratory behavior, and avoidance, or anxiety-related behavior. Thus, we used these three tests to determine whether the D4R primarily influences the exploratory or the anxious component of responses to approach-avoidance conflicts. D4RϪ/Ϫ mice were significantly less behaviorally responsive to novelty than D4Rϩ/ϩ mice in all three tests. The largest phenotypic differences were observed in the novel object test, which maximizes approach behavior, and the smallest phenotypic differences were found in the open field test, which maximizes avoidance behavior. Hence, D4RϪ/Ϫ mice exhibit reductions in behavioral responses to novelty, reflecting a decrease in novelty-related exploration.

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Scopolamine suppresses both locomotion and object contact in a free-exploration situation

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Neotic preferences in laboratory rodents: Issues, assessment and substrates

Neotic preferences in laboratory rodents: Issues, assessment and substrates

Medial septal GABAergic projection neurons promote object exploration behavior and type 2 theta rhythm

Dopamine D4 Receptor-Knock-Out Mice Exhibit Reduced Exploration of Novel Stimuli

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