Scores of Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire Worsen Consistently in Patients of COPD: Estimating Disease Progression over 30 Years by SReFT with Individual Data Collected in SUMMIT Trial

Abstract

The aim of this study was to elucidate the lifelong disease progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with biomarker changes and identify their influencing factors, by utilizing a new analysis method, Statistical Restoration of Fragmented Time-course (SReFT). Individual patient data (n = 1025) participating in the Study to Understand Mortality and MorbidITy (SUMMIT, NCT01313676), which was collected within the observational period of 4 years, were analyzed. The SReFT analysis suggested that scores of St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and COPD assessment test, representative scores of the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire, increased consistently for 30 years of disease progression, which was not detected by conventional analysis with a linear mixed effect model. It was estimated by the SReFT analysis that normalized forced expiratory volume in one second for age, sex, and body size (%FEV1) reduced for the initial 10 years from the onset of the disease but thereafter remained constant. The analysis of HRQOL scores and lung functions suggested that smoking cessation slowed COPD progression by approximately half and that exacerbation accelerated it considerably. In conclusion, this retrospective study utilizing SReFT elucidated the progression of COPD over 30 years and associated quantitative changes in the HRQOL scores and lung functions.

Data‐driven disease progression model of Parkinson's disease and effect of sex and genetic variants

“…SReFT was implemented using NONMEM (version 7.4.4) 12,22 . For bootstrap analysis, Perl‐speaks‐NONMEM (version 5.0.0) 23,24 was used.…”

“…SReFT was implemented using NONMEM (version 7.4.4). 12 , 22 For bootstrap analysis, Perl‐speaks‐NONMEM (version 5.0.0) 23 , 24 was used. With NONMEM, parameters were estimated using first order conditional estimation method, and standard errors were obtained from bootstrap analysis.…”

“…SReFT is characterized by its ability to comprehensively determine disease progression by simultaneously analyzing nonlinear changes in multiple biomarkers and elucidating various covariates that affect progression. It has already been applied to Alzheimer's disease 11 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 12 and has been successfully used to analyzed the effects of sex, genetic variants, and lifestyle on the long‐term dynamics of the disease. Based on these results, SReFT is expected to be a useful tool for constructing a model of the long‐term pathological progression of PD.…”

Novel Biomarkers in Lung Cancer and Chronic Lung Diseases: From the Systematic Perspective of Yin–Yang Balance

“…In addition, chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD), tuberculosis, and other smoking-related diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and result in economic and social burdens that are both substantial and increasing. To improve the prognosis of chronic lung disease, customized approaches based on novel biomarkers are being conducted, especially in the fields of COPD [ 5 , 6 ] and ILD [ 7 , 8 ].…”