Scorpion sting-induced pulmonary oedema: Evidence of increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability

Amaral, Carlos Faria Santos; Barbosa, A. J. A.; Leite, Virgínia Hora Rios; Tafuri, Washington Luiz; Rezende, Nilton Alves de

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90378-6

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Pulmonary edema is one of the most important complications following scorpion poisoning (18). A case report presented lung evidence compatible with adult respiratory distress syndrome and electron microscopic findings consistent with acute lung injury and increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability after Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Zayerzadeh¹,

Koohi²,

Mirakabadi³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Scorpion envenomation is a life-threatening condition, especially in children and elderly individuals affected by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the toxic effects of median lethal dose (LD50) injections of Mesobuthus eupeus (Me) venom on the heart and lungs of anesthetized rabbits were investigated. Six rabbits were selected and alterations in their electrocardiogram, heart rate, respiration and blood pressure before and after venom injection were recorded. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatinine kinase muscle-brain fraction (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at 0, 1 and 3 hours after envenomation and pathology studies were carried out postmortem. All the animals showed signs and symptoms of envenomation within 40 minutes and died 3 to 3.5 hours after venom injection. Pathology studies revealed alveolar edema in 100% of the rabbits and myocardial infarction in 16%. The main histopathological changes were myocytolysis, coagulation necrosis, focal hemorrhage, thrombus formation both in myocardium and on endocardial surfaces as well as inflammatory infiltrates in the heart and hemorrhage, vascular thrombus and interstitial inflammation in the lungs. ECG monitoring of rabbits showed ST elevation, ST depression and inverted T and Q waves. In addition, although cTnT levels increased in 16% of the animals and serum LDH was also augmented, none of these changes was statistically significant. The enzyme CK-MB also did not show any change after Me venom injection. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Me venom killed animals in less than 3.5 hours through severe pulmonary damage and it appears that the deaths could not be attributed to cardiovascular lesions. Therefore, Me venom effects on the lungs are so important that they appear to be independent of heart damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Zayerzadeh¹,

Koohi²,

Mirakabadi³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…Significantly increased plasma levels were observed at 3, 6, and 12 hours after envenomation. Several studies have emphasized the relevance of proinflammatory mediators, including leukotrienes, prostaglandins, platelet activating factor, kinins, and Nitric Oxide in the pathophysiological manifestations of human and experimental scorpion envenomation (4,(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Plasma Cytokine Levels in Mesobuthus Eupeus (Scorpionida: Buthidae) Scorpion Envenomation in Rats Treated with Polyvalent Antivenom

Jalali

Mapar

2015

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that scorpion venom increases blood levels of some cytokines, including Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) in experimental model of scorpion envenomation in laboratory animals. Objectives: This study aimed to measure circulating cytokines levels in rats after envenomation with Mesobuthus Eupeus scorpion and to compare the findings in rats treated with polyvalent antivenom to evaluate the role of routine treatment in scorpion envenomation. Materials and Methods: For the present research, the venom of Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion was extracted by electric shock and then intraperitoneally injected (1.5 mg/kg) into 2 groups (V: venom group and AV: antivenom group) of 36 Wistar rats each weighing 200 ± 10 g. Additional 36 rats were considered as control group (group C) and were intraperitoneally (ip) injected with 50 μL saline solution. Group AV were injected ip, with polyvalent antivenom 2.5 ml/kg, 30 minutes after envenomation. Heparinized blood samples were collected by heart puncture at different time periods (1,3,6,12,24, 48, and 72 hours) after venom injection for determination of the levels of plasma cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-6, and TNF-α by Ray Biotech specific ELISA kits for rats. Results: IL-1a, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased in 3 hours after envenomation in both groups (V and AV), but the intensity of increase in AV group was less than the other group, i.e. moderate elevation of cytokines occurred after treatment with polyvalent antivenom. At next time points, gradually decreasing amounts of cytokines were seen. Conclusions: Our data suggest that using polyvalent antivenom in short time after envenomation could reduce the inflammatory responses related to the systemic changes during the elevation of cytokines in scorpion envenomation.

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“…Neurotoxins lead to release massive neurotransmitter and inflammatory modulators. These mediators induce various pathological perturbations including acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ failure [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Immunoreactivity and Airway Inflammation: Their Assessment After Scorpion Envenomation

et al. 2011

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Release and activation of pro-inflammatory mediators are among the most important induced factors that are involved in the scorpion envenomation pathogenesis. Inflammatory response and lung reactivity were studied in mice following subcutaneous injection with Androctonus australis hector (Aah) venom. Venom immunodetection in lungs and sequestered cell population in the airways were determined. Cytokines, cellular peroxidase activities (eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxydase), and IgE antibodies were also assessed. Immunohistochemical study revealed a positive detection of the Aah venom in the alveolar wall, venule lumens, and inside inflammatory cells. Severe lung edema associated with rapid inflammatory response was observed after animal envenomation. Lung neutrophilia and eosinophilia were accompanied with IL-4, IL-5 release, and IgE synthesis. In conclusion, high cytokine levels, recruitment of inflammatory cells (eosinophils and neutrophils), and increased IgE concentration may contribute to the exacerbation and maintenance of the induced inflammatory response in lungs by scorpion venom. These results lead to the better understanding of this induced pathogenesis and could help the physicians to take care of envenomed patients.

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Scorpion sting-induced pulmonary oedema: Evidence of increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Cardiopulmonary complications induced by Iranian Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom in anesthetized rabbits

Evaluation of Plasma Cytokine Levels in Mesobuthus Eupeus (Scorpionida: Buthidae) Scorpion Envenomation in Rats Treated with Polyvalent Antivenom

Lung Immunoreactivity and Airway Inflammation: Their Assessment After Scorpion Envenomation

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