Selective nitrogen adsorption via backbonding in a metal-organic framework with exposed vanadium sites. # These authors contributed equally to this work Industrial processes prominently feature π-acidic gases, and an adsorbent capable of selectively interacting with these molecules could enable a number of important chemical separations 1-4 . In nature, enzymes, and correspondingly their synthetic analogues, use accessible, reducing metal centers to bind and even activate weakly π-acidic species such as N 2 through backbonding interactions 5-7 , and incorporation of similar moieties into a porous material should give rise to a new mechanism of adsorption for these gaseous substrates 8 .However, synthetic challenges have prevented realization of such a material. Here, we report a metal-organic framework featuring exposed vanadium(II) centers with an electronic configuration and 3d-orbital energies conducive to the back-donation of electron density to weak π-acids, thereby enabling highly selective adsorption. This new adsorption mechanism, together with the presence of a high concentration of available adsorption sites, results in record N 2 capacities and selectivities for the removal of N 2 from mixtures with CH 4 , while further enabling the separation of olefins from paraffins at elevated temperatures.Ultimately, incorporating such π-basic metal centers into tunable porous materials offers a new handle for capturing and activating key molecular species within next-generation adsorbents.The implementation of adsorbent-based technology stands as a promising route toward mitigating the high energy and emission costs associated with current industrial chemical The synthesis of V 2 Cl 2.8 (