Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, stat. n

Abstract

EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, 'fet@marshall.edu' ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, 'soleglad@znet.com' Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology). Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio NominisThe name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS:Electronic ("e-only") publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: • Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) • Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as "published work" (Article 9.8). At this time, Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293) (laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012 represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts.In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN amendment, see

Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part X. Pandiborellius stat. n. and Pandinurus (Scorpionidae) with description of four new species from Eritrea and Ethiopia, and review of Pandinus sensu lato taxonomy

“…394-395 show 25 hemispermatophores from a variety of Pandinus sensu lato species representing the genera Pandinurus, Pandiborellius, Pandinops, Pandinoides and Pandinus (Pandinus). Their basic structure is similar to what has been reported for other scorpionine genera: Scorpio (Levy & Amitai, 1980;Lourenço, 2009;Vachon, , 1952a, Heterometrus (Couzijn, 1981;Kovařík et. al., 2016b;Stockwell, 1989), and Opistophthalmus (Alexander, 1956, 1957, Lamoral, 1979.…”

“…The 'inclined anteroventral surface' of tarsomere II refers to the prolateral lateroapical margin of the segment, where the prolateral series of spiniform setae extends. Hemispermatophore terminology follows Kovařík et al (2016b). The terms 'external', 'internal', 'dorsal' and 'ventral' refer to somatic axes with the hemispermatophore in situ; the terms distal/ apical and proximal/basal are relative to the foot as the basalmost structure.…”

“…In the years of 2011-2016, two of the authors (FK and JP) have had an opportunity to participate in expeditions to the Horn of Africa, study scorpions, and publish several articles on this fauna (Kovařík, 2011a, 2011b, 2012, 2015, Kovařík et Lowe, 2012, Kovařík et Mazuch, 2011, 2015, 2015, 2016a, 2016b, and Lowe et Kovařík, 2016. To date, 93 localities have been sampled, 31 of which have yielded specimens of the scorpionid genus Pandinus sensu lato.…”

Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part XV. Review of the genus Gint Kovařík et al., 2013, with description of three new species from Somaliland (Scorpiones, Buthidae)

“…Hemispermatophore terminology of buthids is adapted from several sources, and differs slightly from our previous notation (e.g. Kovařík et al, 2016c). Along the transverse axis, following Stockwell (1989) and Monod et al (2017), opposing hemispermatophore mar-gins bearing the sperm hemiduct and flagellum are referred to as 'anterior' and 'posterior' respectively, based on orientation of formed spermatophores when attached to the substrate, referred to the somatic axes of males positioned during mating with females.…”

“…We continue using descriptive terms 'flagellum' and 'trunk', which are unambiguous and long used in many taxonomic works (e.g. Francke & Stockwell, 1987;Kovařík et al, , 2016aKovařík et al, , 2016bKovařík et al, , 2016cLamoral, 1979;Levy et al, 1973;Levy & Amitai, 1980;Lowe, 2001;Vachon, 1940Vachon, , 1949Vachon, , 1952Sissom, 1990;Stockwell, 1989). The three lobes of the sperm hemiduct are labelled as 'anterior', 'median' and 'posterior' lobes, according to the above transverse axis convention (='external', 'median' and 'interior' lobes respectively of Vachon, 1940Vachon, , 1952.…”