Scotopic Luminosity Curve and the Absorption Spectrum of Visual Purple

Dartnall, H. J. A.; Goodeve, C. F.

doi:10.1038/139409b0

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This is done by multiplying the energies by the respective wave lengths, or alternatively by dividing the respective visibilities by the wave lengths. The results are shown in column III of Table II. The change from energy visibility to quantum visibility is very small, but in the direction of better fit with the absorption data (Dartnall and Goodeve, 1937).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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On Rhodopsin in Solution

Wald

1938

Journal of General Physiology

124

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1. The properties of rhodopsin in solution have been examined in preparations from marine fishes, frogs, and mammals. 2. The bleaching of neutral rhodopsin in solution includes a photic and at least three thermal ("dark") processes. Thermal reactions account for approximately half the total fall in extinction at 500 mµ. 3. Bleaching has been investigated at various pH's from 3.9 to about 11. With increase in pH the velocity of the thermal components increases rapidly. Though the spectrum of rhodopsin itself is scarcely affected by change in pH, the spectra of all product-mixtures following irradiation are highly pH-labile. 4. The spectrum of pure rhodopsin—or of the rhodopsin chromophore—is fixed within narrow limits. The extinction at 400 mµ lies between 0.20 to 0.32 of that at the maximum. 5. Within the limitations of available data, the spectrum of pure rhodopsin corresponds in form and position with the spectral sensitivity of human rod vision, computed at the retinal surface. 6. The nature of bleaching of rhodopsin in solution, its kinetics, and its significance in the retinal cycle are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Dartnall and Goodeve (1937), starting with data of frog extractions, have arrived at 0.1 as a probable extinction of rhodopsin in situ in the human eye. The close correspondence between their estimate and mine is fortuitous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Rhodopsin in Solution

Wald

1938

Journal of General Physiology

124

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“…The need for the second correction follows from the supposition that visual response is a function of light absorbed by visual pigment (Dartnall & Goodeve, 1937) and hence depends on its effective optical density. The greatest possible effective density is, presumably, the axial density in the photoreceptor and, as before (Bowmaker et al 1978), we have taken this to be 0*475 for the rods, and 0*525 J K. BOWMAKER AND H. J.…”

Section: Comparison With Psychophysical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina.

Bowmaker¹,

Dartnall²

1980

The Journal of Physiology

452

210

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SUMMARY1. Microspectrophotometric measurements have been made of the photopigments of individual rods and cones from the retina of a man. The measuring beam was passed transversely through the isolated outer segments.2. The mean absorbance spectrum for rods (n = 11) had a peak at 497-6 + 3-3 npm and the mean transverse absorbance was 0-035 + 0 007.3. Three classes of cones were identified. The long-wave cones ('red' cones) had a Amax of 562-8 + 4-7 nm (n = 19) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0-027 + 0 005. The middle-wave cones ('green' cones) had a AmaK of 533-8 + 3-7 nm (n = 11) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0*032 + 0 007. The short-wave cones ('blue' cones) had a Amax of 420-3 + 4-7 nm (n = 3) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0 037 + 0*011.4. If assumptions are made about the length of cones and about pre-receptoral absorption, it is possible to derive psychophysical sensitivities for the cones that closely resemble the appropriate 7T mechanisms of W. S. Stiles.5. If assumptions are made about the length of rods and about pre-receptoral absorption, however, the psychophysical sensitivity derived for the rods is considerably broader than the C.I.E. scotopic sensitivity function.

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“…It is found, for instance, that wave-lengths around 502 m1u appear the brightest in scotopic vision, that is, when the spectrum looked at is of low intensity. This wave-length is also that at which visual purple absorbs most of the incident light (Konig, 1894, Dartnall and Goodeve, 1937, Lythgoe, 1937, and it is also the wave-length which is most capable of bleaching visual purple (Trendelenburg, 1904, Schneider, Goodeve andLythgoe, 1939). When the spectrum is brighter, maximum luminosity is at about 555 m/A, but we cannot explain photopic vision, which is now being stimulated, in terms of the properties of any known substance in the retina.…”

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confidence: 99%

THE MECHANISM OF DARK ADAPTATION: A Critical Resume

Lythgoe¹

1940

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Scotopic Luminosity Curve and the Absorption Spectrum of Visual Purple

Cited by 64 publications

References 2 publications

On Rhodopsin in Solution

On Rhodopsin in Solution

Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina.

THE MECHANISM OF DARK ADAPTATION: A Critical Resume

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