<scp>3D</scp>polymer composite filament development from post‐consumer polypropylene and disposable chopstick fillers

Tan, Yiling; Chan, Ming Yeng; Koay, Seong Chun; Ong, Thai Kiat

doi:10.1002/vnl.22026

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To overcome this issue, the printing temperature must be increased as reported earlier. Similar findings were also observed by Tan et al 14 and Ariel Leong et al 16 who found that filament with higher fiber content were difficult to print uniformly due to the highly distracted melt flow caused by the presence of fiber.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…As a result, the warping effect of the printed part with rPP/CHF filament containing higher CHF content is less pronounced. In addition, Tan et al 14 reported a significant reduction in warpage of printed parts with rPP composite filament when adding fiber made from disposable chopstick. They also confirmed that the presence of natural fiber has a positive effect on the warping issue when printing rPP‐based materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these studies utilized rPP pellet sourced directly from recycled plastic factories. The utilization of rPP derived from food container waste and fibers from disposed chopsticks for composite filaments was reported by Tan et al 14 This is the only research study reporting utilization of rPP from single‐use plastic as a composite filament for FFF. Thus, this research aims to explore the potential of utilizing rPP from single‐use plastic food containers as the matrix material and combining it with corn husk fiber (CHF) for composite filament.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication

Yap,

Chun,

Yeng

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular 3D printing approaches among end‐users due to its lower cost, ease of operation, and wide range of material choices. However, the use of composite filament produced from recycled plastic and agriculture waste is still relatively uncommon. This research focuses on developing composite filament from corn husk fiber (CHF) and recycled single‐use polypropylene for FFF. In this work, neat recycled polypropylene (rPP) and rPP/CHF composites were extruded into filament for FFF printing. It was observed that increasing the CHF content would reduce the print quality of the parts, as visible air gaps and voids were found on the printed surface and within the layers. Nevertheless, these issues were able to be overcome by adjusting the printing temperature and increasing the extrusion percentage during the printing process. The melt flow index results indicate that a higher CHF content would reduce the melt flow of the extruded rPP/CHF composite during printing, potentially affecting the quality of the printed parts. On the other hand, increasing the temperature enhanced the melt flow of the composite, which was beneficial for the printing process. When a small amount of CHF was added to the rPP, the printed part exhibited the highest tensile strength due to the reinforcing effect of the fibers. However, the tensile strength of printed parts using rPP/CHF composite filament decreased with higher CHF content. Additionally, higher CHF content resulted in printed composite parts that were more rigid and stiffer. It also reduced warpage on the printed specimens made with this composite, but it is important to note that warpage of the printed specimen is not directly correlated to crystallinity caused by nucleating effect of CHF. The rPP/CHF composite filament did exhibit earlier thermal degradation due to the addition of more CHF. However, this should not affect the printing process when temperature not beyond 230°C. This study highlights the potential of utilizing single‐use PP and fibers extracted from corn husk as feedstock for 3D printing. The findings expand the possibilities for recycling and employing agricultural waste in sustainable additive manufacturing processes.Highlights Utilizes single‐use PP and CHF in developing composite filaments, contributing to sustainability and reducing plastic waste. This research offers a sustainable approach by utilizing waste materials as feedstock for FFF‐based 3D printing, which able to reduce the environmental pollution caused by disposal of single‐use plastic and promotes recycling practices.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication

Yap,

Chun,

Yeng

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The weight loss from rePP between 410 and 500 C was predominantly due to the thermal degradation of the C C bonds in its main chain. 43 The residual mass of 1.88% at 700 C was primarily due to residual carbon generated during the hightemperature degradation of rePP. On the other hand, the thermal weight loss curves of the rePP/WF composites showed two thermal degradation plateaus (Figure 9A).…”

Section: Tg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of recycled polypropylene‐based wood–plastic composites reinforced with a bio‐based compatibilizer

Liu,

Ye,

et al. 2024

Vinyl Additive Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wood‐plastic composites are green composites made of plastic as the matrix and wood as the filler; however, the incompatibility between these two leads to the degradation of the composites. This paper reports the synthesis of a novel bio‐based compatibilizer, annotated as OA‐g‐H20, by grafting oleic acid (OA) on a hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn H20). The effect of modifying recycled polypropylene‐based wood–plastic composites with this compatibilizer was then assessed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography techniques were employed to characterize the fabricated OA‐g‐H20, while its modification effect was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical property tests. The experimental results revealed that the optimal addition amount of OA‐g‐H20 was 2.0 wt.%.Highlights A new bio‐based compatibilizer, OA‐g‐H20, for wood–plastic composites is reported. OA‐g‐H20 was obtained by grafting oleic acid on a hyperbranched polyester (H20). OA‐g‐H20 provided good mechanical reinforcement for the wood–plastic composites. OA‐g‐H20 improved the crystallinity of the composites. The reinforcement mechanism of OA‐g‐H20 in wood–plastic composites is elucidated.

show abstract

“…Each filler comes with specific recycling challenges depending on its composition and origin. For example, (organic) wood flour obtained from pulverised disposable chopsticks [198] and (inorganic) glass fibres reclaimed from wind turbine blades [17] are likely to follow different recycling procedures and require different compounding strategies for producing printable filaments. As a result, generalising is not possible.…”

Section: Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling as a Key Enabler for Sustainable Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Composites: A Critical Perspective on Fused Filament Fabrication

Sola,

Trinchi

2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Additive manufacturing (AM, aka 3D printing) is generally acknowledged as a “green” technology. However, its wider uptake in industry largely relies on the development of composite feedstock for imparting superior mechanical properties and bespoke functionality. Composite materials are especially needed in polymer AM, given the otherwise poor performance of most polymer parts in load-bearing applications. As a drawback, the shift from mono-material to composite feedstock may worsen the environmental footprint of polymer AM. This perspective aims to discuss this chasm between the advantage of embedding advanced functionality, and the disadvantage of causing harm to the environment. Fused filament fabrication (FFF, aka fused deposition modelling, FDM) is analysed here as a case study on account of its unparalleled popularity. FFF, which belongs to the material extrusion (MEX) family, is presently the most widespread polymer AM technique for industrial, educational, and recreational applications. On the one hand, the FFF of composite materials has already transitioned “from lab to fab” and finally to community, with far-reaching implications for its sustainability. On the other hand, feedstock materials for FFF are thermoplastic-based, and hence highly amenable to recycling. The literature shows that recycled thermoplastic materials such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, or its glycol-modified form PETG) can be used for printing by FFF, and FFF printed objects can be recycled when they are at the end of life. Reinforcements/fillers can also be obtained from recycled materials, which may help valorise waste materials and by-products from a wide range of industries (for example, paper, food, furniture) and from agriculture. Increasing attention is being paid to the recovery of carbon fibres (for example, from aviation), and to the reuse of glass fibre-reinforced polymers (for example, from end-of-life wind turbines). Although technical challenges and economical constraints remain, the adoption of recycling strategies appears to be essential for limiting the environmental impact of composite feedstock in FFF by reducing the depletion of natural resources, cutting down the volume of waste materials, and mitigating the dependency on petrochemicals.

show abstract

3Dpolymer composite filament development from post‐consumer polypropylene and disposable chopstick fillers

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication

Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication

Preparation and properties of recycled polypropylene‐based wood–plastic composites reinforced with a bio‐based compatibilizer

Recycling as a Key Enabler for Sustainable Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Composites: A Critical Perspective on Fused Filament Fabrication

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About