<scp>AH</scp>‐7921: A new synthetic opioid of abuse

Coppola, Maurizio; Mondola, Raffaella

doi:10.1111/dar.12216

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…It has never been marketed as a medicine, nor used as pharmaceutical or medicinal product; it has also no industrial use [ 6 ]. There are very few references available on this compound [ 7 ]. In vivo studies in animals indicated its μ -opioid receptor agonistic activities, although no studies have evaluated its pharmacological and toxicological properties in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo studies in animals indicated its μ -opioid receptor agonistic activities, although no studies have evaluated its pharmacological and toxicological properties in humans. Its activities are similar to those of morphine and include analgesia, hypothermia, respiratory depression, and addictive behavior [ 7 – 9 ]. The abuse of AH-7921 has been reported in eight member states of the European Union as well as in Norway, leading to severe toxicity (non-fatal) cases and 16 reported deaths within a limited period of time (December 2012–September 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AH-7921: the list of new psychoactive opioids is expanded

et al. 2015

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AH-7921 is a structurally unique synthetic opioid analgesic that has recently entered the drug arena in Europe, the USA, and Japan. Although it was synthesized and patented in the mid-1970s, it was first identified in a seized sample purchased via the Internet in July 2012 and formally brought to the attention of the European Union early warning system in August 2012 by the United Kingdom. Several in vitro experiments and animal model studies established the morphine-like analgesic action of AH-7921 as a μ-opioid receptor agonist that has been found to be several times more potent than codeine and at least as potent as morphine. This novel psychoactive substance has already led to eight non-fatal intoxications and 16 deaths in Sweden, the United Kingdom, Norway, and the USA. Thus, AH-7921 is a current public health risk, and better international collaboration, effective legislation and continuous community alertness are needed to tackle this current growing problem. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about this drug concerning its chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology, as well as its international legal status. The limited existing analytical methodologies for the determination of AH-7921 in biological samples are also presented. Published or reported AH-7921-related cases, fatalities, or intoxications, and self reports from drug users are reviewed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AH-7921: the list of new psychoactive opioids is expanded

et al. 2015

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“…67 Both human case series and animal studies have shown that naloxone can reverse the toxicity seen with novel opioids, although the doses of naloxone required may be higher than for traditional opioids, particularly in cases of novel fentanyl toxicity. [67][68][69][70][71] There have been reports of unusual toxicity related to the use of MT-45, including short-to-medium term hearing loss. 71 No long term NPS risk data exist, though animal models have shown AH-7921 to be similar to morphine in addictive potential and withdrawal effects, 67 and MT-45 and novel fentanyls are probably similar.…”

Section: Opioid Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel psychoactive substances: types, mechanisms of action, and effects

Tracy

Wood

Baumeister

2017

BMJ

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“…Research studies in animals have proven that this substance provokes an analgesia as powerful as that induced by morphine; a lower risk than morphine to inhibit respiratory function or to provoke hypothermia seems more controverted (Coppola & Mondola, 2015). AH-7921 may induce dependence.…”

Section: Synthetic Opioids: Desomorphine Ah-7291 and Mt-45mentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon

Dolengevich-Segal

Rodríguez-Salgado

Gómez-Arnau

et al. 2017

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Background. The new psychoactive drugs (NPD) are those that represent a danger to public health and are not prohibited by conventions on international narcotics. The concept also includes new contexts and new routes of consumption as well as novel ways of distribution, notably Internet. The risks associated with NPD consumption are largely unknown to users and to health care providers. Objective. To integrate the existing evidence regarding the main NPD in terms of description, epidemiology, psychopharmacology, medical complications and psychoactive effects. Method. To review relevant and updated clinical information on NPD obtained from specialized books and indexed scientific journals (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus), as well as official documents edited by international organizations dedicated to the epidemiologic analysis of drug abuse and Internet websites and forums managed by psychoactive substance users. Results. Aspects of clinical and pharmacological interest are described comprehensively, together with epidemiological data and risks associated to the consumption of the most relevant NPD: synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, NBOMe series, indoleamines, piperazines, hallucinogenic mushrooms (Psilocybe SP.), synthetic opioids, plant products (khat, kratom, Salvia divinorum, ayahuasca) and dissociative anesthetics. Discussion and conclusion. The emergence of the NPD is a phenomenon on the rise with important consequences for public health. Learning about new trends in drug consumption and its potential risks should be essential for the medical professional. New research is needed in order to understand the phenomenon of the NPD and its pharmacological, clinical and legal implications.

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AH‐7921: A new synthetic opioid of abuse

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

AH-7921: the list of new psychoactive opioids is expanded

AH-7921: the list of new psychoactive opioids is expanded

Novel psychoactive substances: types, mechanisms of action, and effects

An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon

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