COVID‐19 and primary wound healing: A new insights and advance

Abstract

With the outbreak and pandemic of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), a huge number of people died of it. Apart from lung injuries, multiple organs have been confirmed to be impaired. In COVID‐19 time, primary wound healing processes always prolong, however, its possible underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, to overcome this clinical problem, clarifying its underlying mechanisms clearly is necessary and urgently needed. In this review, we summarized that COVID‐19 can prolong primary wound healing by inducing excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, disturbing immune system and haematological system, as well as influencing the functions and viability of epidermal stem cells (ESCs). Otherwise, we summarized that the strict control measures of blocking up COVID‐19 pandemic can also have side effects on primary wound healing process.

Bioengineering Skin Substitutes for Wound Management—Perspectives and Challenges

“…It is a silent epidemic that affects the quality of life of over 40 million people around the world [36]. It is also worth mentioning that the COVID-19 pandemic placed a strain on the healthcare system [30]. With the increase in the number of confirmed cases and the requirement to maintain social distancing, it became a challenge to conduct doctors' visits or have wounds cleansed by specialists.…”

COVID‐19 and skin manifestations

“…Angiotensin II plays a pivotal role in fostering dermal healing and stimulating the proliferation of keratinocytes; its dysregulation is a critical contributor to COVID-19's dermal pathology. 9 Furthermore, the potent vasoconstrictive properties of angiotensin II can exacerbate issues with the angiogenic potential and microcirculatory system integral to the healthy regeneration of tissues, thereby compromising epithelial surfaces throughout the body. 8 These effects are further compounded by the virus's capacity to induce microthrombi formation and the deposition of fibrin in collagen fibers, resulting in fibrosis that extends beyond the pulmonary system and infiltrates various organs, including the epidermis.…”