<scp>COVID</scp>‐19 vaccine and oral lesions: Putative pathogenic mechanisms

Spirito, Federica Di; Contaldo, Maria; Amato, Alessandra; Palo, Maria Pia Di; Pantaleo, Giuseppe; Amato, Massimo

doi:10.1111/odi.14361

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although a causative relationship between COVID‐19 vaccines and oral SEs has not been verified yet, the probable pathophysiological pathways may include immune cross‐reactivity, autoimmune dysregulation, hypersensitivity reactions, molecular mimicry, and allergy to vaccine ingredients 30 . Moreover, immune dysregulation can be linked with the aggravation of underlying, often undiagnosed, conditions in susceptible persons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…28,29 Although a causative relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and oral SEs has not been verified yet, the probable pathophysiological pathways may include immune cross-reactivity, autoimmune dysregulation, hypersensitivity reactions, molecular mimicry, and allergy to vaccine ingredients. 30 Moreover, immune dysregulation can be linked with the aggravation of underlying, often undiagnosed, conditions in susceptible persons. Vaccine-induced reactivation of latent viral infections such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and the varicella-zoster virus may be responsible for some forms of oral symptoms, such as paraesthesia, Bells' palsy, mouth discomfort and ulcerations.…”

Section: Age-specific Prevalence Of Oral Sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines in 32 European countries: Analysis of EudraVigilance reports

Riad

Schulz‐Weidner

Dziedzic

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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The recent reports of oral side effects (SEs) following COVID-19 vaccination warrant further investigation into their prevalence, severity, and aetiology. This study was conducted to synthesize the first-ever population-level evidence about oral SEs of COVID-19 vaccines in Europe. The European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Pharmacovigilance (EudraVigilance) database was accessed in August 2022 to extract summary data of all potential oral SEs reported after COVID-19 vaccination.The data were reported descriptively and cross-tabulated to facilitate sub-group analysis per vaccine type, sex, and age group. Dysgeusia was the most commonly reported oral SE (0.381 case per each 100 received reports), followed by oral paraesthesia (0.315%), ageusia (0.296%), lip swelling (0.243%), dry mouth (0.215%), oral hypoaesthesia (0.210%), swollen tongue (0.207%), and taste disorder (0.173%).Females had significantly (Sig. < 0.001) a higher prevalence of all most common (top 20) oral SEs, except for salivary hypersecretion, which was equally prevalent among females and males. The present study revealed a low prevalence of oral SEs, with taste-related, other sensory and anaphylactic SEs being the most common SEs in Europe, similar to what was found earlier among the US population. Future studies should explore the potential risk factors of oral sensory and anaphylactic SEs to verify whether they are causally linked to COVID-19 vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Age-specific Prevalence Of Oral Sesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines in 32 European countries: Analysis of EudraVigilance reports

Riad

Schulz‐Weidner

Dziedzic

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Furthermore, in COVID-19 patients, in addition to lymphopenia, T lymphocytes are polarized toward the spike protein [ 33 ]. This state could lead to opportunistic Candida infections, similar to Herpesvirus Simples-1 or Varicella Zoster infections, which are latent in neuronal ganglia and can reactivate in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects, also inducting oral manifestations [ 34 ].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Underlying Oral Candidiasis In Adult And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candidiasis in Adult and Pediatric Patients with COVID-19

et al. 2023

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Oral Candidiasis (OC) is an opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity, frequently reported under local and systemic predisposing circumstances. While the recurrence of OC HIV-infected subjects has been well described and reported, the association between oral candidiasis and the SARS-CoV-2 infection is a recent finding that still is worthy of further study. The present paper focuses on this novel association, reporting the incidence and prevalence of OC occurring during and after COVID-19 and the possible etiopathogenic mechanisms underlying the onset of OC in COVID-19 subjects. The work found that the immune inflammatory hypo reactions and immunosuppression found in children and adults with COVID-19 could favor the proliferation colonization of Candida species and the following infection. At the same time, poor oral hygiene and iatrogenic causes seem to be the main risk factors.

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“…They are more likely to develop ulcerative/erosive, macular-petechial, especially erythematous oral mucosa lesions [ 1 ] than adults are, who are usually diagnosed with white plaques and erosive/ulcerative, maculopapular, or vesicular lesions [ 13 ]. COVID-19 vaccinations have been effective in protecting against the infection, even in pediatric subjects [ 14 , 15 ], and have been associated mainly with mild adverse effects, including local pain, swelling, and redness at the injection site, general weakness, joint or muscle pain, headache, chills, fever, nausea, and diarrhea [ 16 ]. A few adverse effects have been reported in children, including oral lesions with erosive-ulcerative phenotype, which is similar to adults [ 1 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vaccination programs have effectively prevented severe childhood infections, although viral infections remain a serious health problem in developing countries [ 14 , 25 ]. Emerging infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), further contribute to the burden of viral infections during childhood [ 28 ].…”

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confidence: 99%