<scp>COVID</scp>‐19 Viral Load in the Severity of and Recovery From Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction

Cho, Ryan; To, Zion W. H.; Yeung, Zenon W C; Tso, Eugene Y. K.; Fung, Kitty S. C.; Chau, Sandy; Leung, Erica Y L; Hui, Thomas S C; Tsang, Steven Woon Choy; Kung, Kam Ngai; Chow, Eudora Y.D.; Abdullah, Victor; Hasselt, Andrew van; Tong, Michael C. F.; Ku, Peter K. M.

doi:10.1002/lary.29056

“…This trend was also observed for GD and in our study all cases of GD had complete recovery within 6 months of follow-up. Gorzkowski (32). In general, the results of these studies are consistent with our ndings and the comparison of the results of the above studies shows that a signi cant percentage of patients achieve OD and GD recovery in a short time and the difference in the percentages of recovery rates may be attributed to the assessment method of OD or GD, the duration of follow-up or genetic susceptibility to the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: A Prospective Cohort Study

Balajelini

¹

,

Vakili

²

,

Rajabi

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

1

0

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Background: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OD and GD) manifested unpredictably in COVID-19 patients. Considering the high prevalence of OD and GD and the importance of the sense of smell and taste in the quality of life, this study aimed to determine the association of some demographic and clinical factors with OD and GD recovery in COVID-19 patients in Iran.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on COVID-19 patients with OD and GD during the first and second peak of pandemic in Golestan province, Iran. We used a local health care registry system for data collection. All cases had positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-19 in nose and nasopharynx swab samples. Variables included age, sex, ethnicity, geographical location, time of onset of symptoms, severity of OD and GD (complete or partial). The follow-up time for recovery from OD and GD was six months. Time to recovery for OD and GD was estimated by Kaplan-Meier considering complete recovery as an endpoint. Differences among groups were evaluated using log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard models as appropriate in SPSS version 16.Results: A total of 242 patients completed the study. The mean age of patients was 39.12±11.89 years. There were 127 (52%) females. After six months, 239 (98.8%) patients had complete OD recovery and 80.9% and 83.56% of patients recovered within the first 30 days following the onset of OD or GD, respectively. The mean time of OD recovery was significantly higher (35.07±4.25 days) in cases infected in the first peak of pandemic than in the second peak (21.65±2.05 days) (p=0.004). This finding also was observed for the recovery time of GD (p=0.005). The mean recovery time of GD was significantly higher in women than men (35.55±4.33 vs. 23.20±2.46 days) (p=0.04). The age (less than 20 years), second peak of epidemic, and partial dysfunction were identified as significant predictors for recovery.Conclusions: COVID-19–related OD and GD had high rate of recovery in the first month from onset of symptoms. Age of patients, severity of OD/GD and infecting in second peak of epidemic might be related to the recovery of OD or GD in patients with COVID-19.

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“…On the contrary, we did not observe any association between nasopharyngeal viral load and prevalence of olfactory/taste disorder as described by others and plausibly explained by a higher local amount of virus and related inflammation [ 36 ]. Nevertheless, we did not quantify the dysfunction with an objective scale, since our study was underpowered to specifically assess this outcome and others have also failed to find such an association due to the several different mechanisms underlying these symptoms and potentially not all correlating with local viral replication [ 37 ]. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction represented the second most common sequelae (7.7%), still present 6 months from the infection, after dyspnea and just before chronic cough.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Disease Severity, Survival, and Six-Month Sequelae in COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients

Trunfio

¹

,

Venuti

²

,

Alladio

³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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To date, there is no severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- (SARS-CoV-2)-specific prognostic biomarker available. We assessed whether SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) value at diagnosis could predict novel CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, clinical manifestations, and six-month sequelae. Hospitalized and outpatient cases were randomly sampled from the diagnoses of March 2020 and data collected at 6 months by interview and from the regional database for COVID-19 emergency. Patients were stratified according to their RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase Ct in the nasopharyngeal swab at diagnosis as follows: Group A ≤20.0, 20.0< group B ≤28.0, and Group C >28.0. Disease severity was classified according to a composite scale evaluating hospital admission, worst oxygen support required, and survival. Two hundred patients were included, 27.5% in Groups A and B both, 45.0% in Group C; 90% of patients were symptomatic and 63.7% were hospitalized. The median time from COVID-19 onset to swab collection was five days. Lethality, disease severity, type, and number of signs and symptoms, as well as six-month sequelae distributed inversely among the groups with respect to SARS-CoV-2 Ct. After controlling for confounding, SARS-CoV-2 Ct at diagnosis was still associated with COVID-19-related death (p = 0.023), disease severity (p = 0.023), number of signs and symptoms (p < 0.01), and presence of six-month sequelae (p < 0.01). Early quantification of SARS-CoV-2 may be a useful predictive marker to inform differential strategies of clinical management and resource allocation.

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“…et al, reported 11.6 and 10 days, respectively as the mean recovery time from onset of OD (21,23). In the study by Cho et al, mean time for GD recovery was 9.5 ± 6.8 days and the complete recovery rate of GD was 83.3% (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a study by Vaira et al, 7.3% of patients still had severe disorders during the two-month follow-up (31). Cho et al also reported an OD recovery rate of 71.8% (32). In general, the results of these studies are consistent with our ndings and the comparison of the results of the above studies shows that a signi cant percentage of patients achieve OD and GD recovery in a short time and the difference in the percentages of recovery rates may be attributed to the assessment method of OD or GD, the duration of follow-up or genetic susceptibility to the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: a Prospective Cohort Study

Balajelini

¹

,

Vakili

²

,

Rajabi

³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OD and GD) manifested unpredictably in COVID-19 patients. Considering the high prevalence of OD and GD and the importance of the sense of smell and taste in the quality of life, this study aimed to determine the association of some demographic and clinical factors with OD and GD recovery in COVID-19 patients in Iran.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on COVID-19 patients with OD and GD during the first and second peak of pandemic in Golestan province, Iran. We used a local health care registry system for data collection. All cases had positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-19 in nose and nasopharynx swab samples. Variables included age, sex, ethnicity, geographical location, time of onset of symptoms, severity of OD and GD (complete or partial). The follow-up time for recovery from OD and GD was six months. Time to recovery for OD and GD was estimated by Kaplan-Meier considering complete recovery as an endpoint. Differences among groups were evaluated using log-rank test and Cox proportional-hazard models as appropriate in SPSS version 16.Results: A total of 242 patients completed the study. The mean age of patients was 39.12±11.89 years. There were 127 (52%) females. After six months, 239 (98.8%) patients had complete OD recovery and 80.9% and 83.56% of patients recovered within the first 30 days following the onset of OD or GD, respectively. The mean time of OD recovery was significantly higher (35.07±4.25 days) in cases infected in the first peak of pandemic than in the second peak (21.65±2.05 days) (p=0.004). This finding also was observed for the recovery time of GD (p=0.005). The mean recovery time of GD was significantly higher in women than men (35.55±4.33 vs. 23.20±2.46 days) (p=0.04). The age (less than 20 years), second peak of epidemic, and partial dysfunction were identified as significant predictors for recovery.Conclusions: COVID-19–related OD and GD had high rate of recovery in the first month from onset of symptoms. Age of patients, severity of OD/GD and infecting in second peak of epidemic might be related to the recovery of OD or GD in patients with COVID-19.

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COVID‐19 Viral Load in the Severity of and Recovery From Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: A Prospective Cohort Study

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: A Prospective Cohort Study

Diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Disease Severity, Survival, and Six-Month Sequelae in COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients

Recovery of Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunctions in COVID-19 Patients in Iran: a Prospective Cohort Study

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