D‐Galactose based hydrophobic ionic liquid: A new adsorbent for the removal of Cd²⁺ ions from aqueous solution

Abstract

The present study reports the synthesis of D‐galactose based hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) and its potential application in the removal of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solution. The synthesized D‐galactose based hydrophobic ionic liquid is insoluble in water and stable at room temperature as a solid. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the sorption capacity of IL toward Cd2+ ions. The experimental data was analyzed with various isotherm and kinetic models to understand the adsorption process. The Arrhenius activation energy was found to be 12.7 and 22.5 kJ/mol, respectively, for 10 and 30 mg/L of initial metal ion concentration suggesting physisorption of Cd2+ ions on to IL. The thermodynamic parameters suggest that the present process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The present IL exhibited superior adsorption capacity toward Cd2+ ions in presence of other co‐cations in aqueous solution. These results suggest that, the synthesized IL can be a superior adsorbent for the removal of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solution. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S139–S145, 2019

Sugar-Based Ionic Liquids: Multifaceted Challenges and Intriguing Potential

“…The first approach, developed by Jayachandra et al [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], and Kaur and Chopra [ 24 ], involved the selective protection of the secondary alcohols as acetals, the derivatization of the free primary hydroxyl functionality to obtain a good leaving group, and a final S N 2 reaction to give an ionic compound ( Scheme 1 ).…”

“…The free primary hydroxyl group was then derivatized through an Appel reaction to give the corresponding iodide 3 [ 26 , 27 ]. Compound 3 was then reacted with a good nitrogen nucleophile (1-methylimidazole [ 21 , 22 , 23 ] or DABCO [ 24 ]) in an S N 2 fashion to give the desired ionic compound. This reaction is the weak point of the synthesis: It is very slow, and some days of heating under reflux were needed to obtain complete conversion and a good yield.…”

“…Another interesting and popular application of ILs as solvents is their use as reaction media [ 150 , 156 ]: Several papers concerning this topic have been published in the last few years [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 44 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 103 , 104 , 106 , 107 , 110 ].…”

Carbohydrate Based Ionic Liquids (CHILs): Synthesis and Applications

“…One of the main takeaways from the use of CHILs in asymmetric chemistry is the necessity of free hydroxyl groups and hydrogen bonds for an effective chiral induction. On the other hand, in their articles from 2016 [ 67 ] and 2019 [ 68 ] the groups of Reddy and Lakshmipathy have shown that hydrophobic CHILs are effective adsorbents for the removal of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ion from aqueous solution.…”

“…Galactose based CHILs for the removal of Pd 2+ and Cd 2+ from aqueous solution by Reddy and Lakshmipathy et al [ 67,68 ] …”