d‐Leucine protects oocytes from chronic psychological stress in mice

Abstract

Excess stress might induce infertility and abortion. It has been reported that Japanese women have experienced psychological stress than men. 1,2 Some studies have suggested that psychological stress could have harmful effects on the reproduction system. 3,4 Psychological stress increases oocyte aneuploidy and impairs oocyte meiosis, which has been shown to disrupt the development of fertilized eggs in animals, 5,6 and reduces successful fertilization in vitro. 7 Accordingly, protection from psychological stress may be important to keep the normal reproductive function. Psychological stress induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS; eg, O 2 •−, H 2 O 2 , OH•, 1 O 2 ) in oocytes. 5 Vigorous production of ROS can damage mitochondria, DNA, and

Promising Application of D-Amino Acids toward Clinical Therapy

“…ROS damages mitochondria, DNA, protein, and oocyte maturation apoptosis [106]. D-Leu can mitigate oocyte maturation failure and inhibit the increase of alanine aminotransferase levels induced by restraint stress [106].…”

“…ROS damages mitochondria, DNA, protein, and oocyte maturation apoptosis [106]. D-Leu can mitigate oocyte maturation failure and inhibit the increase of alanine aminotransferase levels induced by restraint stress [106]. The proposed mechanism is that D-Leu upregulates the expression of Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase2 (SOD2) in ovaries.…”

“…The proposed mechanism is that D-Leu upregulates the expression of Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and superoxide dismutase2 (SOD2) in ovaries. It might be through the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, whereas the transcription factor Nrf2 associated with the expression of HO-1 and several SODs [106].…”