<scp>Eating‐disorder</scp> psychopathology in female athletes and <scp>non‐athletes</scp>: A <scp>meta‐analysis</scp>

Chapa, Danielle A. N.; Johnson, Sture A. M.; Richson, Brianne N.; Bjorlie, Kayla; Won, Ying Q.; Nelson, Sarah V.; Ayres, Joseph; Jun, Daiil; Forbush, Kelsie T.; Christensen, Kara A.; Perko, Victoria L.

doi:10.1002/eat.23748

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“… 14 In a recent meta-analysis, no differences were found in ED psychopathology between athletes and non-athletes. 12 This parallels our findings of no statistically significant differences in DE or ED between the groups. However, our athletes were lean sport athletes, among whom eating problems are thought to be more common than in non-lean sports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A meta-analysis conducted in 2000 found that DE was more common in athletes than non-athletes, but the effect size was small 14. In a recent meta-analysis, no differences were found in ED psychopathology between athletes and non-athletes 12. This parallels our findings of no statistically significant differences in DE or ED between the groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…However, our athletes were lean sport athletes, among whom eating problems are thought to be more common than in non-lean sports. 12 30 The lifetime prevalence of clinical ED diagnoses in our athletes was 7.1%, lower than in our previous cross-sectional study conducted in a mixed-sport sample of Finnish athletes (18.4%). 31 The detection of EDs has improved over time, 32 which might explain the differences between the findings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…This parallels our findings of no statistically significant differences in DE or ED between the groups. However, our athletes were lean sport athletes, among whom eating problems are thought to be more common than in non-lean sports 12 30. The lifetime prevalence of clinical ED diagnoses in our athletes was 7.1%, lower than in our previous cross-sectional study conducted in a mixed-sport sample of Finnish athletes (18.4%) 31.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Findings regarding the prevalence of subclinical DE behaviours and clinical eating disorders (ED) in athletes and non-athletes are inconsistent 11–14. The risk of DE/ED seems to be higher among lean sports (ie, sports where weight and/or leanness are considered important) than among non-lean sports athletes 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating behaviours, menstrual history and the athletic career: a retrospective survey from adolescence to adulthood in female endurance athletes

Ravi

Valtonen

Ihalainen

et al. 2023

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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AimTo evaluate differences in menstrual and pubertal history and trends in eating behaviours among women with and without a competitive sports background. Additionally, we investigated if menstrual history and eating behaviours are associated with sports career-related factors.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on 100 women with a competitive endurance sports background and their age-matched, gender-matched and municipality-matched controls (n=98). Data were collected using a questionnaire using previously validated instruments. Generalised estimating equations were used to calculate associations of menstrual history and eating behaviours with outcome variables (career length, participation level, injury-related harms and career termination due to injury).ResultsAthletes reported higher rates of delayed puberty and menstrual dysfunction than controls. No differences between the groups were observed in the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire short form (EDE-QS) scores at any age. Previous disordered eating (DE) was associated with current DE in both groups. Among athletes, higher EDE-QS scores during the sports career were associated with a shorter career (B=−0.15, 95% CI −0.26 to –0.05). Secondary amenorrhoea was associated with lower participation level (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.95), injury-related harms during the career (OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.88 to 8.48) and career termination due to injury (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.51).ConclusionThe findings indicate that DE behaviours and menstrual dysfunction, specifically secondary amenorrhoea, have a disadvantageous relationship with a sports career in women competing in endurance sports. DE during the sports career is associated with DE after the career.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Eating behaviours, menstrual history and the athletic career: a retrospective survey from adolescence to adulthood in female endurance athletes

Ravi

Valtonen

Ihalainen

et al. 2023

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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Body dissatisfaction, ideals, and identity in the development of disordered eating among adolescent ballet dancers

Ohashi

Wang

Shingleton

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveLittle is known about how female adolescent ballet dancers—a group at high‐risk for the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders—construct body ideals, and how their social identities interact with body ideals to confer risk for disordered eating. Using a novel body figure behavioral task, this study investigated (1) whether degree of body dissatisfaction corresponded to severity of disordered eating thoughts and behaviors, and (2) how ballet identity corresponded with ideal body figure size among adolescent ballet dancers.MethodsParticipants were 188 female ballet dancers ages 13‐18 years who completed self‐report measures of study constructs and the behavioral task.ResultsLinear regression models indicated that more severe body dissatisfaction was positively associated with increased disordered eating thoughts and behaviors (p < .19), except for muscle building (p = .32). We also found that identifying more strongly as a ballet dancer was correlated with having a smaller ideal body size (p = .017).ConclusionFindings from this study suggest desire to achieve smaller body sizes is correlated with more severe disordered eating endorsement and stronger ballet identity. Instructors and clinicians may consider assessing the extent to which individuals identify as a ballet dancer as a risk factor for disordered eating and encourage adolescent dancers to build and nurture other identities beyond ballet.Public significanceEating disorders are debilitating conditions that can lead to malnutrition, social isolation, and even premature death. Though disordered eating thoughts and behaviors can affect anyone, adolescents in physically demanding and body image‐driven activities including ballet dance are particularly vulnerable. Investigating how factors like body dissatisfaction and strength of identity are associated with disordered eating among high‐risk groups is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention methods that minimize harm.

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An intervention mapping adaptation framework to develop a self‐help intervention for athletes with eating disorder symptoms

Sandgren

Haycraft

Arcelus

et al. 2023

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveThis research forum describes the use of the intervention mapping for adaptation (IMA) framework to develop and evaluate a novel intervention for athletes with mild eating disorder (ED) symptoms.MethodsThe six IMA steps were followed. In step 1 (needs assessment), we conducted a systematic review of athlete ED interventions and held interviews/focus groups with athletes and sports professionals to inform intervention format and delivery. In step 2 (intervention search), needs assessment information guided the search for an evidence‐based intervention suitable for adaptation to athletes. In steps 3 and 4 (intervention development), the identified intervention was adapted and feedback sought from athletes and sport professionals. In steps 5 and 6 (implementation and evaluation), a feasibility study was conducted with athletes (n = 35; females: n = 27; Mage = 27.1).ResultsThe review highlighted poor evidence for the acceptability and relative efficacy of existing interventions, which were all delivered face‐to‐face in groups. Interview/focus group data suggested a need for more accessible intervention formats (e.g., self‐help). One non‐athlete self‐help intervention was determined suitable for adaptation to athletes, and adaptations were made. Initial feedback suggested the adapted intervention was relevant within sport settings. The feasibility study revealed that the intervention (MOPED‐A: Motivational and Psycho‐Educational Self‐Help Programme for Athletes with Mild Eating Disorder Symptoms) can be feasibly implemented, is acceptable to athletes and shows potential for reducing ED symptoms.DiscussionIMA is a useful framework for developing participant‐centered and evidence‐based interventions. The findings and approach taken provide a framework for other researchers and clinicians in developing similar interventions in the ED domain.Public SignificanceThe novel self‐help intervention described in this article was developed using intervention mapping and provides promise as a tool for reducing eating disorder symptoms in athletes. We describe how adopting and systematically following a health intervention development approach, such as intervention mapping, can ensure that eating disorder interventions are participant‐centered, contextually relevant, and evidence‐based, which in turn could help to maximize their reach and effectiveness.

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Eating‐disorder psychopathology in female athletes and non‐athletes: A meta‐analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 104 publications

Eating behaviours, menstrual history and the athletic career: a retrospective survey from adolescence to adulthood in female endurance athletes

Eating behaviours, menstrual history and the athletic career: a retrospective survey from adolescence to adulthood in female endurance athletes

Body dissatisfaction, ideals, and identity in the development of disordered eating among adolescent ballet dancers

An intervention mapping adaptation framework to develop a self‐help intervention for athletes with eating disorder symptoms

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