FERONIA receptor kinase interacts with S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase and suppresses S‐adenosylmethionine production and ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Abstract

Environmental inputs such as stress can modulate plant cell metabolism, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. We report here that FERONIA (FER), a plasma membrane receptor-like kinase, may negatively regulate the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis by interacting with two S-adenosylmethionine synthases (SAM1 and SAM2). SAM participates in ethylene, nicotianamine and polyamine biosynthetic pathways and provides the methyl group for protein and DNA methylation reactions. The Arabidopsis fer mutants contained a higher level of SAM and ethylene in plant tissues and displayed a dwarf phenotype. Such phenotype in the fer mutants was mimicked by over-expressing the S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in transgenic plants, whereas sam1/2 double mutant showed an opposite phenotype. We propose that FER receptor kinase, in response to environmental stress and plant hormones such as auxin and BR, interacts with SAM synthases and down-regulates ethylene biosynthesis.

S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase 3 Is Important for Pollen Tube Growth

“…SAMS was localized in the cytosol in Arabidopsis and Catharanthus roseus (Schröder et al, 1997;Ravanel et al, 1998), but more recent studies in Arabidopsis and rice localized SAMS to both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Li et al, 2011;Mao et al, 2015), as we also showed for MAT3 (Fig. 3B).…”

“…Single mutants of SAMS in Arabidopsis did not show any seedling phenotypes, presumably because of gene redundancy, as all four SAMS are expressed in seedlings (Shen et al, 2002;Mao et al, 2015). Here, we provide evidence that mat3 plants have impaired pollen tube growth and reduced seed set (Figs.…”

“…MAT1, MAT2, and MAT4 are expressed in nearly all tissues (Gómez-Gómez and Carrasco, 1998;Mao et al, 2015), whereas MAT3 is expressed predominantly in pollen (Loraine et al, 2013). MAT1 and MAT2 are most similar in sequence and expression patterns, and the double mutant mat1;mat2 exhibits decreased ethylene (Mao et al, 2015). The mat4 mutant accumulates less lignin due to the reduced supply of SAM (Shen et al, 2002).…”

“…The nomenclature varies in different publications (Lindermayr et al, 2005;Mao et al, 2015); here, we will use the MAT1 to MAT4 designations. MAT1, MAT2, and MAT4 are expressed in nearly all tissues (Gómez-Gómez and Carrasco, 1998;Mao et al, 2015), whereas MAT3 is expressed predominantly in pollen (Loraine et al, 2013). MAT1 and MAT2 are most similar in sequence and expression patterns, and the double mutant mat1;mat2 exhibits decreased ethylene (Mao et al, 2015).…”

Network-based integration of systems genetics data reveals pathways associated with lignocellulosic biomass accumulation and processing

“…Several associations were identified (mainly with sugar release efficiency) for genes involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism, including ATCIMS/MS1. The roles of these genes in biomass formation are becoming increasingly revealed, being linked directly to either lignin (50,51) or hormone-mediated growth regulation (52). In addition, SCW polysaccharide biosynthesis genes known to be expressed in developing xylem (8) were mainly associated with variation in wood density and glucose release efficiency (Dataset S3).…”