In vitro inhalation bioaccessibility and health risk assessment of difenoconazole in the atmosphere

Abstract

BackgroundIt is necessary to assess the risk of pesticide inhalation in people around farmland because inhalation is one of the ways pesticides cause human health risks. This paper purposed to identify the inhalation risk of difenoconazole on humans by dose‐response and exposure assessment.ResultsIn the field simulation application, the respiratory exposure of the people around farmland ranges from 71 ng/m3 to 430 ng/m3. Using the response surface methodology, the maximum bioaccessibility of difenoconazole in the three simulated lung fluids was 35.33% gamble's solution (GS), 34.12% artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF), and 42.06% simulated interstitial lung fluid (SLF), respectively. Taking the proliferation activity of A549 cell model as the endpoint, the benchmark dose limit (BMDL) and benchmark dose (BMD) of difenoconazole on A549 cells were 16.36 and 5.60 mg/kg, respectively. The margin of exposure of difenoconazole in GS, ALF and SLF were respectively 8.66×105‐5.28×106, 8.97×105‐5.47×106 and 7.28×105‐4.44×106.ConclusionThe results of the risk assessment indicate that under any circumstances, applying difenoconazole is safe for people around farmland. However, a fan‐shaped nozzle, wettable powder and higher inhalation height increase the risk of inhalation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.