<scp><i>N</i></scp>‐acetylcysteine for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kishi, Taro; Sakuma, Kenji; Hatano, Masakazu; Iwata, Nakao

doi:10.1111/pcn.13502

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A systematic review and meta-analysis of N-acetylcysteine in schizophrenia patients have been carried out (Kishi et al 2023 ). Both subgroups, individuals in the acute phase and in the non-acute phase were supplied with N-acetylcysteine.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Diseases Aging and Antioxidant Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Jomova,

Raptova,

Alomar

et al. 2023

Arch Toxicol

520

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A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or “good stress” and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress (“bad stress”). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.

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Section: Oxidative Stress Diseases Aging and Antioxidant Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Jomova,

Raptova,

Alomar

et al. 2023

Arch Toxicol

520

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The two-step MR results provide evidence that the causal effect of target gene expression on psychotic disorders is partly mediated by cognition. Although we observed a positive association between RRD target gene expression and psychoses, the antioxidants as medication for psychiatric disorders lack high-level evidence due to the low quality and sample size [16,49,54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

The Association of Redox Regulatory Drug Target Genes with Psychiatric Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Lu,

Yang,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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Redox regulatory drug (RRD) targets may be considered potential novel drug targets of psychosis due to the fact that the brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress imbalance. The aim of the present study is to identify potential associations between RRD targets’ perturbation and the risk of psychoses; to achieve this, Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and protein QTL data were used to derive the genetic instrumental variables. We obtained the latest summary data of genome-wide association studies on seven psychoses as outcomes, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, obsessive–compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa. In total, 95 unique targets were included in the eQTL panel, and 48 targets in the pQTL one. Genetic variations in the vitamin C target (OGFOD2, OR = 0.784, p = 2.14 × 10−7) and melatonin target (RORB, OR = 1.263, p = 8.80 × 10−9) were significantly related to the risk of SCZ. Genetic variation in the vitamin E (PRKCB, OR = 0.248, p = 1.24 × 10−5) target was related to an increased risk of BD. Genetic variation in the vitamin C target (P4HTM: cerebellum, OR = 1.071, p = 4.64 × 10−7; cerebellar hemisphere, OR = 1.092, p = 1.98 × 10−6) was related to an increased risk of MDD. Cognitive function mediated the effects on causal associations. In conclusion, this study provides supportive evidence for a causal association between RRD targets and risk of SCZ, BD or MDD, which were partially mediated by cognition.

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Diet and Psychosis

Ghanem,

Almarshedi,

Adam

et al. 2024

Nutritional Neurosciences

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N‐acetylcysteine for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract: Table S1 Genetic correlations between subtypes of bipolar disorder (BD1/BD2) and schizophrenia/major depressive disorder (SCZ/MDD) in East Asian and European populations.

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging

The Association of Redox Regulatory Drug Target Genes with Psychiatric Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Diet and Psychosis

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