Saccharomyces cerevisiae may serve as a probiotic in colorectal cancer by promoting cancer cell apoptosis

Abstract

Objectives: Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of human fecal samples has shown that Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is significantly suppressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and probably plays an important role in CRC progression. However, these results need to be validated. Here we aimed to confirm the results of highthroughput sequencing and demonstrate the mechanisms mediating the effect of S. cerevisiae on progression from colorectal adenoma (CRA) to CRC. Methods: We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay to examine the relative abundance of S. cerevisiae in 281 fecal samples collected from 106 healthy controls, 108 patients with CRA and 67 with CRC. C57BL/6 and APC Min/+ mouse models and in vitro cell assays were subsequntly used for additional analyses. The mouse models were treated or not treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and given an S. cerevisiae gavage for 8 weeks. Western blot, 16S rRNA sequencing, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, RNA sequencing, cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed. Results: S. cerevisiae was 2.68-fold and 3.94-fold less abundant in patients with CRA and CRC, respectively, than in the controls. In vivo experiments showed that S. cerevisiae reduced colorectal tumor progression by promoting epithelial cell apoptosis and modulated gut microbial structure and intestinal immunity. S. cerevisiae downregulated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells and the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Cell assays confirmed the proapoptotic effect of S. cerevisiae. Conclusions: S. cerevisiae may play a probiotic role in CRC by promoting cancer cell apoptosis. It can reduce CRC progression by modulating the mucosal microbial structure.

Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces: Back to Nature to Improve Human Health

“…boulardii . Results confirmed the presence of an enhanced percentage of apoptosis in probiotic yeast-treated cells [ 59 ].…”

The Intratumor Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Is Characterized by HPV, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…In particular, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae YJM195 was positively associated with advanced pathological N-stage. However, evidence has shown that Saccharomyces Cerevisiae species have a tumor-suppressive role in colorectal cancer and are implicated in cell growth inhibition, B cell activation, and epithelial cell apoptosis [ 61 , 62 ]. Thus, further studies are required to elucidate the complex interactions and metabolism of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae within the HNSCC tumor microenvironment, which was negatively associated with patient prognosis in our study.…”

Probiotics as Potential Biological Immunomodulators in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus: What’s New?

“…Moreover, CRC cell lines HCT116 and DLD1 treated for 4 h with S. cerevisiae , but not with its metabolites, showed an enhanced apoptosis rate. Taken together, these results indicate that S. cerevisiae may be involved in CRC progression, by acting on cell apoptosis [ 188 ]. Different probiotic strains, including S. boulardii (Unique-28), B. bifidum (UBBB-55), L. reuteri (UBLRu-87), L. plantarum (UBLP-40), L. fermentum (UBLF-31), L. salivarius (UBLS-22), Bacillus clausii (UBBC-07), Bacillus coagulans (Unique-IS2) and S. salivarius (UBSS-01), were put in contact with HCT116 cells for 24 h. Cancer cell apoptosis was induced again, confirming the possible use of selected probiotics as coadjutants for CRC [ 189 ].…”