Vaccinium myrtillus L. extract and its native polyphenol‐recombined mixture have anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects on human prostate cancer cell lines

Abstract

Vaccinium myrtillus berry extract (VME) and a recombined standard mixture (RSM) of its main native phenolic compounds were investigated for cell growth inhibition and pro‐apoptotic activity on hormone‐dependent (LNCaP) and hormone‐independent (PC3 and DU‐145) prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. Normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) were also studied in comparison. VME hindered anchorage‐dependent PCa cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner, that is, at 1/800 (v/v) dilution for LNCaP and PC3, and 1/100 (v/v) dilution for DU‐145 (corresponding to 14.15 and 113.2 μg cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside equivalents per ml of culture medium), respectively. VME had a growth inhibitory effect towards PrEC at the same dilution of DU‐145 cells although the IC50 values indicated that PrEC are more resistant than PCa cell lines. VME also reduced the anchorage‐independent growth of PCa cells. The study of the apoptotic profile (i.e., non‐apoptotic, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cells) evidenced that the apoptotic rate (early+late) was statistically higher in all three cell lines exposed to VME compared to control. Anchorage‐dependent and anchorage‐independent growth inhibition of RSM was very similar to that displayed by VME. Moreover, RSM exerted its growth inhibitory effect also under hypoxia, the latter representing a biological condition known to sustain PCa proliferation and aggressiveness.

Bilberries: Curative and Miraculous – A Review on Bioactive Constituents and Clinical Research

“…Fractions containing catechins, flavonoids and organic acids were able to inhibit the growth of cervix epitheloid carcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, with IC 50 ranging from 125.80 to 300.48 mg/ml ( Tumbas Šaponjac et al, 2015 ). Whole bilberry extract inhibited the growth of three colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT 116) ( Aaby et al, 2013 ), whole bilberry extract and the standardized mixture of its main phenolic compounds inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cell lines ( Del Bubba et al, 2020 ). The bilberry fruit extract also inhibited early preneoplastic liver cell lesions in rats ( Hara et al, 2014 ).…”

The Promising Therapeutic and Preventive Properties of Anthocyanidins/Anthocyanins on Prostate Cancer

“…Moreover, the V. myrtillus extract at 1/100 ( v / v ) demonstrated a significant growth inhibitory effect towards PrEC and DU145 cells with high apoptotic rates compared to control. The recombined standard mixture of its main native polyphenols also showed the same activity as the extract with induction of growth-inhibitory effect under hypoxia [ 36 ].…”

Behind the Scenes of Anthocyanins—From the Health Benefits to Potential Applications in Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Fields

“…For this reason, the potential chemopreventive effect of ACNs in this form of cancer has been widely studied through in vitro approaches using different prostate cancer (PC) cell lines, as well as in vivo, using animal models, mostly rats and mice ( Table 4 ). Regarding the in vitro evidence, extracts from different berries, such as Vaccinium myrtillus [ 136 ], Lycium ruthenicum Murray (black fruit wolfberry) [ 137 ], or sweet cherries [ 138 ], have been recently shown to increase the apoptotic rate and decrease cell viability of PC cell lines. But such an effect was also found using extracts from other foods, such as red cabbage juice [ 139 ] or the Ready to Serve (RTS) beverage prepared from Ixora coccinea fruits [ 140 ].…”