L‐arginine promotes gut hormone release and reduces food intake in rodents

Abstract

AimsTo investigate the anorectic effect of L‐arginine (L‐Arg) in rodents.MethodsWe investigated the effects of L‐Arg on food intake, and the role of the anorectic gut hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and peptide YY (PYY), the G‐protein‐coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) and the vagus nerve in mediating these effects in rodents.ResultsOral gavage of L‐Arg reduced food intake in rodents, and chronically reduced cumulative food intake in diet‐induced obese mice. Lack of the GPRC6A in mice and subdiaphragmatic vagal deafferentation in rats did not influence these anorectic effects. L‐Arg stimulated GLP‐1 and PYY release in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological blockade of GLP‐1 and PYY receptors did not influence the anorectic effect of L‐Arg. L‐Arg‐mediated PYY release modulated net ion transport across the gut mucosa. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of L‐Arg suppressed food intake in rats.Conclusions L‐Arg reduced food intake and stimulated gut hormone release in rodents. The anorectic effect of L‐Arg is unlikely to be mediated by GLP‐1 and PYY, does not require GPRC6A signalling and is not mediated via the vagus. I.c.v. and i.p. administration of L‐Arg suppressed food intake in rats, suggesting that L‐Arg may act on the brain to influence food intake. Further work is required to determine the mechanisms by which L‐Arg suppresses food intake and its utility in the treatment of obesity.

Wheat Protein Hydrolysate Fortified With l‐Arginine Enhances Satiation Induced by the Capsaicinoid Nonivamide in Moderately Overweight Male Subjects

“…Furthermore, the low number of study participants might be one reason for the reduced effect size of the ad libitum energy intake from the standardized breakfast of 0.17 MJ, in comparison to the expected effect size of 0.47 MJ. Overall, these results indicate a satiating effect of wheat protein hydrolysate and l ‐arginine, which is in accordance with current literature, stating that protein intake in human and l ‐arginine in rodents, induces a decrease in energy intake.…”

“…Secretion of gastric acid facilitates the degradation of proteins into amino acids, which may contribute to the satiating effect of proteins. Dietary l ‐arginine, i.e., has been shown to reduce energy intake in rodents and to delay and inhibit gastric emptying . Furthermore, we recently demonstrated that l ‐arginine stimulated mechanisms of GAS and increased the release of serotonin in a parietal cell model.…”

“…Consumption of proteins has been associated with prolonged feelings of satiety in comparison to fats and carbohydrates when applied in equicaloric amounts . Moreover, protein consumption is known to retard gastric emptying and to stimulate gastric acid secretion (GAS) . Secretion of gastric acid facilitates the degradation of proteins into amino acids, which may contribute to the satiating effect of proteins.…”

“…Since it has been demonstrated that a combination of satiety enhancing ingredients can be a feasible strategy for combating overweight and obesity, in the current study, a combination of a wheat protein hydrolysate and l ‐arginine was tested on its potential to enhance the satiating effect of nonivamide. The amino acid l ‐arginine was chosen due to its published benefits on obesity by decreasing plasma glucose levels and fatty acids, but also by its ability to reduce food intake . Moreover, since a satiating potential of proteins is well known, we investigated whether a fortification of a wheat protein hydrolysate with l ‐arginine additionally enhances satiety.…”

Sensing of L‐Arginine by Gut‐Expressed Calcium Sensing Receptor Stimulates Gut Satiety Hormones Cholecystokinin and Glucose‐Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Secretion in Pig Model

“…In addition, l-Arg is one of the most effective anorectic amino acids in rats (Jordi et al, 2013). Alamshah et al (2016) showed that increased l-Arg intake induced anorexia in rodents.…”