<scp>MRI</scp> CHARACTERISTICS OF CEREBRAL MICROBLEEDS IN FOUR DOGS

Fulkerson, Caroline V; Young, Benjamin; Jackson, Nicolette; Porter, Brian F.; Levine, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01910.x

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Many of the clinical diagnoses in patients in this study with intracranial susceptibility artifact were consistent with causes of intracranial hemorrhage reported in the literature , , . Cerebral microbleeds and focal signal voids associated with clinically diagnosed hemangiosarcoma accounted for the majority of the lesions not seen on T2/FLAIR images.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Cerebral microbleeds and focal signal voids associated with clinically diagnosed hemangiosarcoma accounted for the majority of the lesions not seen on T2/FLAIR images. Cerebral microbleeds indicate previous extravasation of blood and consist of focal hemosiderin deposition on histopathology , . In humans, they are often clinically silent (hence the preferred term “silent cerebral hemorrhages”) and can be present in up to 6.4% of healthy elderly people .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of the T2*‐weighted Gradient Recalled Echo Sequence for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine and Feline Brain

Hodshon

Hecht

Thomas

2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported to help improve detection of intracranial hemorrhage and is widely used in human neuroimaging. To assess the utility of this technique in small animals, interpretations based on this sequence were compared with those based on paired T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences in 200 dogs and cats that underwent brain MRI for suspected intracranial disease. Two sets of images (T2 + FLAIR and T2*) were reviewed separately in random order unaccompanied by patient information and were interpreted as normal or abnormal based on whether intracranial abnormalities were seen. The number and location of intracranial lesions were recorded. Eighty-five studies were considered normal and 88 were considered abnormal based on both sets of images, with good agreement (κ = 0.731) between the two. Susceptibility artifact was present in 33 cases (16.5%) on T2*-weighted images. In 12 cases (6%) a total of 69 lesions were seen on T2*-weighted images that were not seen on T2/FLAIR, all of which were associated with susceptibility artifact caused by presumed intracranial hemorrhage. Pseudolesions were seen on T2*-weighted images in five cases, none of which were associated with susceptibility artifact. Abnormalities were seen on T2/FLAIR images that were not seen on T2*-weighted images in 35 cases, confirming that T2* does not replace standard spin echo sequences. These results support inclusion of T2*-weighted sequences in small animal brain MRI studies and indicate that that a large number of abnormalities (especially hemorrhagic lesions) can go undetected if it is not performed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the T2*‐weighted Gradient Recalled Echo Sequence for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine and Feline Brain

Hodshon

Hecht

Thomas

2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…In cases for which a similar MRI appearance has been described in dogs and histopathologic examination of the affected areas was possible, pMBs seen on MRI were documented to be accumulations of hemosiderin . Although several dogs with pMBs in our study underwent necropsy, histopathologic examination of areas corresponding to focal T2* areas of signal loss matching the definition of pMBs was rarely performed, because the corresponding lesions were inconspicuous on gross examination of the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These signal voids correlate with collections of blood or blood products on histopathology, often in association with vascular disease, in people . In dogs, putative CMBs (pMBs) also have been identified, and preliminary results suggest that histopathology of these lesions bears similarities to human CMBs …”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In 1 study, 5 of 12 dogs with pMBs identified by 0.4 or 1.5T MRI had concurrent systemic medical conditions; none had concurrent intracranial abnormalities. In a separate case series, 4 of 4 dogs imaged at 1.0T had concurrent medical conditions, and 1 of 4 had additional intraparenchymal abnormalities, including larger hemorrhage . In a recent retrospective study of T2*‐weighted imaging abnormalities, investigators identified a subset of dogs with lesions consistent with pMBs, 3 of 9 of which had concurrent systemic disease (hypertension).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Putative Cerebral Microbleeds in Dogs Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head: A Retrospective Study of Demographics, Clinical Associations, and Relationship to Case Outcome

Kerwin

Levine

Budke³

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are focal intraparenchymal signal voids on gradient‐echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), corresponding to regions of chronic hemorrhage. In humans, they are associated with systemic disease and shorter survival times. Although similar findings have been identified in dogs, their epidemiology and clinical correlations have not been investigated.ObjectiveTo determine epidemiological features, clinical associations, and associations with outcome for putative CMB‐like foci (putative microbleeds [pMBs]) identified by T2*‐weighted MRI in dogs.AnimalsFive hundred and eighty‐two dogs undergoing 3T brain MRI between 2011 and 2016.MethodsRetrospective case–control study. Demographic, diagnostic, and clinicopathological data were obtained from medical records and phone follow‐up. Demographic variables were compared between dogs with and without evidence of pMBs. For dogs with such evidence, and a subset of matched controls, associations with clinical presentation, concurrent disease, and survival times were evaluated.ResultsDogs with pMBs were older (P < .001) and smaller (P = .004) than unaffected dogs. Compared to matched controls, they presented more frequently for vestibular signs (P = .030). Cortical atrophy occurred concurrently with pMBs in 26% (14/54) of dogs. Diagnosed renal disease was not significantly associated with pMBs, but proteinuria was more common in dogs with pMBs than in matched controls (odds ratio = 3.01, P = .005). Dogs with pMBs had a shorter median survival time than did matched controls (P = .011).Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePutative microbleeds occurred in 54 of 582 (9.3%) of dogs undergoing brain MRI, but may not be a normal consequence of aging. They were associated with shorter survival time and proteinuria in the study population.

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Advanced Imaging

Platt¹,

McConnell²

2017

Current Techniques in Canine and Feline Neurosurgery

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MRI CHARACTERISTICS OF CEREBRAL MICROBLEEDS IN FOUR DOGS

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Use of the T2*‐weighted Gradient Recalled Echo Sequence for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine and Feline Brain

Use of the T2*‐weighted Gradient Recalled Echo Sequence for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine and Feline Brain

Putative Cerebral Microbleeds in Dogs Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head: A Retrospective Study of Demographics, Clinical Associations, and Relationship to Case Outcome

Advanced Imaging

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