<scp>PM</scp>7/120 (1)<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>pv<i>. actinidiae</i>

doi:10.1111/epp.12171

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…From each 10 −1 serial diluted plate, ten Psa-like isolates were selected and further purified twice on KB. On KBc, Psa-like colonies appear smooth, flat, with entire or slightly lobed margins, pearly whitish-yellowish in colour, and 4-5 mm wide after 4-5 days, showing a tiny white spot at the centre of the colony [41]. To increase diversity, colonies with different morphology were also selected from the remaining serial diluted plates and further purified by re-streaking on KB as often as necessary to obtain pure cultures.…”

Section: Putative Psa Isolation and Total Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Seasonal and Spatial Population Dynamics

et al. 2020

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Pseudomonassyringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for the bacterial canker in Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa and A. chinensis var. chinensis, a quarantine organism threatening the kiwifruit industry sustainability. The present study aimed to determine the genetic structure of the endophytic and epiphytic populations of Psa isolated from four different Portuguese orchards with distinct abiotic conditions in two consecutive seasons. The results identified several coexisting and highly heterogeneous Psa populations. Moreover, evident changes in population structure occurred between the epiphytic and endophytic populations, and between seasons with a notable decrease in Psa diversity in autumn. This work provided solid evidence that the initial clonal expansion of Psa in Europe was followed by a wide genomic diversification. This perspective is important for the understanding of kiwifruit bacterial canker disease occurrence and Psa evolution, namely when adopting strategies for management of epidemics.

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Section: Putative Psa Isolation and Total Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Seasonal and Spatial Population Dynamics

et al. 2020

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“…Isolates were identified as Psa by duplex-PCR as detailed in the S1 Table . Bacteria were grown on solid (1.5% agar) King’s B medium (KB) at 28°C for two days for colony morphology analysis [ 47 ], and pure colonies were grown in KB broth at 28°C at 180 rpm for 16 hours. DNA was extracted from cells pellet using E.Z.N.A.® Bacterial DNA purification Kit (Omega Biotek, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA was extracted from cells pellet using E.Z.N.A.® Bacterial DNA purification Kit (Omega Biotek, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. For molecular identification of the 22 isolates, a duplex-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed as recommended by EPPO guideline [ 47 ] and recently demonstrated by Loreti et al [ 48 ] as a powerful method for Psa identification. The primers used for identification are in the S2 Table : the primers KN-F/KN-R [ 49 ] and AvrDdpx-F [ 50 ] are specific for omp1 ( outer membrane protein 1 ) and avrD1 (Effector) genes, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct phenotypic behaviours within a clonal population of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

et al. 2022

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Bacterial canker of the kiwifruit caused by the etiological agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the most severe disease in kiwifruit production. Since 2008 a hypervirulent Psa biovar 3 has spread rapidly worldwide. Different genomic and phenotypic approaches have been used to understand the origin of the dissemination and geographical evolution of populations associated with this pandemic. This study aimed to characterize the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 22 Psa isolates collected in different regions of Portugal between 2013 and 2017. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization was based on Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA), motility, IAA production, Biolog GEN III, and copper sensitivity. No polymorphisms were detected for the concatenated sequence (1950 bp) of the housekeeping genes gltA, gapA, gyrB, and rpoD. Results support the analysed Portuguese Psa isolates (2013–2017) belonging to Psa3, and MLSA indicates high genetic clonality and stability of these populations. The phenotypic analysis through Biolog revealed a heterogeneous pattern in the Psa collection and its position in the Pseudomonas complex. This heterogeneity reflects a genomic diversity that may reflect distinct adaptive trends associated with the environmental conditions and widespread. The Portuguese Psa collection showed no resistance to copper. This information is relevant to kiwi producers that predominantly use Cu-treatments to control kiwifruit bacterial canker.

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“…syringae, and several emergent plant pathogens have shown an atypical LOPAT profile (e.g., Pseudomonas viridiflava) [17]. In addition, pathogen isolation from symptomatic tissues may be challenging if environmental conditions are not favorable for bacterial multiplication [18]. In doubtful cases or cases of first disease reports, pathogenicity tests may be useful in the diagnostic procedure involving the inoculation of the pathogen into its most common host plant (Actinidia spp., in the case of Psa), which can be performed in in vivo or in vitro conditions.…”

Section: Pathogen Detection and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Emergent Bacterial Pathogens Using Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae as a Case Study—From Orchard to Gene and Everything in Between

Silva

Santos

Vasconcelos

et al. 2022

Crops

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Globalization propelled human migration and commercial exchanges at the global level, but woefully led to the introduction of non-indigenous organisms into several agroecological systems. These include pathogenic bacteria with devastating consequences for numerous crops of agronomical importance for food production worldwide. In the last decade, research efforts have focused on these noxious organisms, aiming to understand their evolutionary processes, degree of pathogenicity, and mitigation strategies, which have allowed stakeholders and policymakers to develop evidence-based regulatory norms to improve management practices and minimize production losses. One of these cases is the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the causal agent of the kiwifruit bacterial canker, which has been causing drastic production losses and added costs related to orchard management in the kiwifruit industry. Although Psa is presently considered a pandemic pathogen and far from being eradicated, the implementation of strict regulatory norms and the efforts employed by the scientific community allowed the mitigation, to some extent, of its negative impacts through an integrated pest management approach. This included implementing directive guidelines, modifying cultural practices, and searching for sources of plant resistance. However, bacterial pathogens often have high spatial and temporal variability, with new strains constantly arising through mutation, recombination, and gene flow, posing constant pressure to agroecosystems. This review aims to critically appraise the efforts developed to mitigate bacterial pathogens of agronomical impact, from orchard management to genome analysis, using Psa as a case study, which could allow a prompter response against emerging pathogens in agroecosystems worldwide.

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PM7/120 (1)Pseudomonas syringaepv. actinidiae

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Seasonal and Spatial Population Dynamics

Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Seasonal and Spatial Population Dynamics

Distinct phenotypic behaviours within a clonal population of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Mitigation of Emergent Bacterial Pathogens Using Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae as a Case Study—From Orchard to Gene and Everything in Between

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