<scp>SARS‐COV</scp>‐2 a trigger of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐associated disorder

Johnsson, Magnus; Asztély, Fredrik; Hejnebo, Susanne; Axelsson, Markus; Malmeström, Clas; Olausson, T.; Lycke, Jan

doi:10.1002/acn3.51609

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a possible trigger of MOGAD. The most common clinical presentations of MOGAD SARS-CoV-2-seropositive patients include optic neuritis and myelitis (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients

et al. 2023

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IntroductionSince the beginning, there has been enough evidence about the multi-systematic involvement of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent observations have revealed that, together with others, typical neurological manifestations are also associated with COVID-19 infection. In the first 2 years, children accounted for a few percent of cases, but with the emergence of the Omicron variant, the number of cases in the pediatric population has increased. It has been described that ~5% of the affected population suffered from severe neurological complications, such as seizure, coma, encephalitis, demyelinating disorders, and aseptic meningitis. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Typically, it presents in childhood and occurs 1 or 2 weeks after infection or vaccination.Case presentationWe present the case of a 12-year-old boy who developed ADEM, 10 days after an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurological symptoms began with headache, fever, irritability, paraplegia, and loss of sensitivity from the T1 level. The diagnosis of ADEM was confirmed by the typical signs found on brain MRI, whereas spinal cord MRI showed signs of transverse myelitis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing excluded infections and did not reveal oligoclonal antibody bands (anti-MOG-negative and anti-AQP-negative). High-dose steroids (30 mg/kg/day) and IVIG (2 g/kg) were administered to the patient without any clinical improvement. The patient received a cycle of plasma exchange therapy, followed by rituximab infusion, with partial improvement. After 3 months, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results demonstrated radiological improvement in accordance with the ADEM diagnosis.ConclusionThis clinical case confirms that SARS-CoV-2 infections are increasingly implicated in severe neurological consequences in both adult and pediatric patients. While the most frequent complications that were reported in children included headache, altered mental status, and encephalopathy, ~5% of the individuals suffered from severe neurological complications, leading to lifelong sequelae. All physicians must be aware of these data and detect neurological signs of severe (or not) complications that require a specific follow-up and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients

et al. 2023

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“…Several authors described MOGAD after SARS-CoV-2 infection. 9 – 12 Sawalha et al 13 report a case of a 44-year-old Hispanic male patient presented with bilateral eye pain and vision loss. Two weeks prior the onset of symptoms, he had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Gilardi

Cortese

Ferraro

et al. 2022

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Background Many neurologic complications have been described after severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) including atypical cases of optic neuritis (ON), positive to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) IgG. Objective To report a case of MOG-IgG-associated ON and discuss why SARS-CoV-2 infection could be a potential trigger. Methods Retrospective single case report. Results We report a case of ON with positive MOG-IgG developed 15 days after presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion This report suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have triggered autoantibodies production against MOG leading to ON.

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“…This finding was complemented by the substantial downregulation of the myelin basic protein (MBP) in both regions of the brain. In contrast, myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was among most significantly upregulated proteins of COVID-19 in the medulla oblongata, which correlates with higher levels of MOG antibodies seen in circulation in case reports of COVID-19 (Durovic et al, 2021;Johnsson et al, 2022) (Figure 6G). As myelin protein plasmolipin (PLLP) was also downregulated in the lungs of COVID-19 (Figure 3A), this may be part of secondary inflammatory damage of myelin components in the CNS and other organs.…”

Section: Secondary Inflammatory Effects Of Covid-19 In the Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantitative multi-organ proteomics of fatal COVID-19 uncovers tissue-specific effects beyond inflammation

Schweizer

Schaller

Zwiebel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2 directly damages lung tissue via its infection and replication process and indirectly due to systemic effects of the host immune system. There are few systems-wide, untargeted studies of these effects on the different tissues of the human body and nearly all of them base their conclusions on the transcriptome. Here we developed a parallelized mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics workflow allowing the rapid, quantitative analysis of hundreds of virus-infected and FFPE preserved tissues. The first layer of response in all tissues was dominated by circulating inflammatory molecules. To discriminated between these systemic and true tissue-specific effects, we developed an analysis pipeline revealing that proteome alterations reflect extensive tissue damage, mostly similar to non-COVID diffuse alveolar damage. The next most affected organs were kidney and liver, while the lymph-vessel system was also strongly affected. Finally, secondary inflammatory effects of the brain correlated with receptor rearrangements and the degradation of neuronal myelin. Our results establish MS-based tissue proteomics as a promising strategy to inform organ-specific therapeutic interventions following COVID-19 infections.

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SARS‐COV‐2 a trigger of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐associated disorder

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Case report: A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients

Case report: A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients

MOG-IgG positive optic neuritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Quantitative multi-organ proteomics of fatal COVID-19 uncovers tissue-specific effects beyond inflammation

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