Three‐dimensionally cross‐linked styrene‐methyl methacrylate‐divinyl benzene terpolymer networks for organic solvents and crude oil absorption

Abstract

The present study reports, high-performance polymer absorbents for crude oil and organic solvents based on 3D cross-linked polystyrene-polymethyl methacrylate/divinyl benzene (PS-PMMA/DVB). The preparation of the 3D crosslinked polymer absorbents has been carried out by bulk polymerization method using styrene (S) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers in the presence of DVB with azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The prepared cross-linked polymer absorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analyses. The absorption kinetics, thermodynamics of the absorption process as well as the recyclability of the cross-linked polymer absorbents were investigated in detail. The developed 3D cross-linked PS-PMMA/DVB absorbents have demonstrated excellent absorption capacities for both organic solvents and crude oil. For instance, the developed polymer absorbent (PS-PMMA/DVB [1 wt%]) shows a maximum absorption capacity of 12 g/g for chloroform , 6 g/g for tetrahydrofuran, and 3 g/g for crude oil. The absorption capacities by the polymer absorbents show a direct relationship with the polarity of the solvents. Moreover, the change of absorption capacity after several repeated cycles of absorption/desorption was only marginal. The demonstrated absorption capacities and the excellent recyclability make polymer absorbents as potential candidates for the oilfield applications and produced water treatments.

Preparation of Pickering‐polyHIPEs from surface modified pumice stabilized high internal phase emulsions as supporting materials for lauric acid impregnation

“…In the FTIR spectrum of MDCtP-1 monolith presented in Figure 7a, the absorption bands observed at ~750, ~1139, ~1408, ~2360, and 1725 cm À1 are appeared due to the contribution of polymerized MMA units. 36 In this respect, the peak observed at ~750 cm À1 corresponds to the asymmetric band of the C C O groups, whereas the peak observed at ~1139 cm À1 corresponds to the stretching mode of the C C O groups. 36 In addition, the peaks appeared at ~1408 and ~2360 cm À1 are due to the bending and stretching modes of the CH 3 groups, 36 and finally the absorption band observed at 1725 cm À1 belongs to the stretching vibrations of the C═O group.…”

“…36 In this respect, the peak observed at ~750 cm À1 corresponds to the asymmetric band of the C C O groups, whereas the peak observed at ~1139 cm À1 corresponds to the stretching mode of the C C O groups. 36 In addition, the peaks appeared at ~1408 and ~2360 cm À1 are due to the bending and stretching modes of the CH 3 groups, 36 and finally the absorption band observed at 1725 cm À1 belongs to the stretching vibrations of the C═O group. Signals of the benzene aromatic ring are visible in the range of 900-500 cm À1.…”

“…The signals observed at ~1440 and ~2360 cm À1 can be respectively ascribed to bending and stretching modes of CH 3 groups. 36 Finally, the peaks in the region of 900-500 cm À1 can be ascribed to the aromatic ring of the DVB units. 37 In addition to all, the presence of CtP particles in the MDCtP-x monoliths can be verified by the presence of the absorption bands appeared due to the presence of CTAB and pumice.…”

A Role for Newly Developed Sorbents in Remediating Large‐Scale Oil Spills: Reviewing Recent Advances and Beyond

“…Specifically, the hierarchically porous structure of sorbent can hold some these viscous oils which results in a high oil sorption capacity. [124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133] On the other hand, the absorption mechanism happens not only on the surfaces but mostly inside the polymer matrix with an extensive polymer matrix swelling (Figure 4B). The Flory−Rehner theory (Equation ( 1)) can be used to determine the network structure (i.e., crosslinking density and molecular weight between cross-links) and provide the structure−property relationships.…”

Pristine coconut husk biowaste and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/methyl acrylate-based novel oleophilic gels for oil spill cleanup

“…[24][25][26][27][28][29] Crosslinking and various polymer analogous reactions have been used to tailor these bio-wastes for such oil spill applications. 30,31 Using biowaste can also serve to tackle another major problem: its disposal and environmental pollution. Globally, a large amount of biowaste is produced.…”