Scratch behavior and material property relationship in polymers

Xiang, Chunhui; Sue, Hung‐Jue; Chu, J. O.; Coleman, Bernard D.

doi:10.1002/1099-0488(20010101)39:1<47::aid-polb50>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 199 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Polymers with E , 1.0 GPa are usually the most influenced by elastic modulus, thereby presenting deeper scratch penetrations. 16 Our scratch results, therefore, must not be correlated to the elastic moduli solely, as all of the E values are in the same range and at least fivefold higher than 1.0 GPa (Table 2). Despite being polyester plus PTFE composite coatings, all of the differences for H and E could probably have been caused by structural and chemical composition variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values are in the same range found for many different polymers submitted to scratch tests with different loads and geometry tips. 16 In general, the TP samples had the highest elastic recoveries, and the TN samples the lowest ( Figure 6). It is interesting to note that TP samples had the most damaged surfaces in terms of debris generation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a matter of fact, the relation among viscoelastic recovery and material properties (e.g., hardness, elastic modulus, tensile strength) is not well established. 16 Some studies have reported that in clinical conditions the coating layer tends to crack and detach, thereby exposing the underlying substrate metal. 7,18 Probable factors influencing the coating integrity are associated with surface roughness, deposition method (synthesis and fabrication process) used, material stability, and coating-substrate adhesion strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infrared spectroscopy, nano-mechanical properties, and scratch resistance of esthetic orthodontic coated archwires

Silva

Santos

Camargo

et al. 2014

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To evaluate the material composition, mechanical properties (hardness and elastic modulus), and scratch resistance of the coating of four commercialized esthetic orthodontic archwires. Materials and Methods: The coating composition of esthetic archwires was assessed by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Coating hardness and elastic modulus were analyzed with instrumented nano-indentation tests. Scratch resistance of coatings was evaluated by scratch test. Coating micromorphologic characteristics after scratch tests were observed in a scanning electron microscope. Statistical differences were investigated using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Results: The FTIR results indicate that all analyzed coatings were markedly characterized by the benzene peak at about 1500 cm 21. The coating hardness and elastic modulus average values ranged from 0.17 to 0.23 GPa and from 5.0 to 7.6 GPa, respectively. Scratch test showed a high coating elasticity after load removal with elastic recoveries .60%, but different failure features could be observed along the scratches. Conclusion: The coatings of esthetic archwires evaluated are probably a composite of polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene. Delamination, crack propagation, and debris generation could be observed along the coating scratches and could influence its durability in the oral environment. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:777-783.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Infrared spectroscopy, nano-mechanical properties, and scratch resistance of esthetic orthodontic coated archwires

Silva

Santos

Camargo

et al. 2014

The Angle Orthodontist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their low cost, ease and simplicity of manufacture and processing, low weight as well as the attractive look they furnish to any surface have amplified their use [1][2][3][4][5]. Abrasion and scratching are by and large the cause of the loss of their optical and tribological performances [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scratches on plastic surfaces seriously trim down the surface aesthetics of the polymer products and also lead to stress concentration, making products prone to premature failure. That is why there is a strong call for to get better scratch resistance of polymers for automotive and other applications that insist high surface excellence [3,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the effect of PEG and Crodamide on the scratch resistance of PMMA

Muhammad¹,

Gauthier²,

Gérard³

et al. 2010

Tribology and Design

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Scratch durability of polymer surfaces and coatings is becoming crucial for the growing use of these materials in innovative applications, replacing former materials with more resistant surfaces. A variety of physico-chemical processes such as annealing and a range of ion plantation techniques have been proved very valuable for the renovation of polymeric surfaces but their applications are restricted to some certain polymers due to a number of disadvantages. In particular, several of them can not be applied to translucent polymers like PMMA due to their darkening outcome. Enhancement of the scratch resistance must be investigated for the most part as a consequence due to decreasing the friction coefficient. The recovery increases if the tip is smooth or if the local friction coefficient is low. Discovery of appropriate plasticizers for different polymers to decrease their surface friction is yet to be made in order to improve their scratch resistance.The effect of PEG and crodamide on both surface properties and bulk mechanical properties of PMMA was studied over a wide range of temperature (ranging from -40 to +85°C). Our experimental results show that a decrease in friction coefficient is possible by the introduction of appropriate plasticizer without having a significant effect on its bulk behaviour and this decrease in friction depends upon the nature and the content of plasticizer. Moreover, fatty acid amides have been proved more effective in decreasing friction than PEG. The friction decreases directly with the percentage of crodamide. The values of the rear contact angle and in-situ photographs during scratching confirm that the decrease in friction is associated with the decrease of yielding of the contact between the tip and the polymer surface.

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Plastics Testing

Furches¹

2004

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Plastics testing covers analytical, thermal, physical, and environmental procedures for determining the composition, structure, as well as mechanical and other responses to a variety of environmental conditions of plastic materials. General uses of Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman, and X‐ray techniques are reviewed and illustrated with specific examples. Developments in neutron and X‐ray scattering techniques, as well as molecular weight determination techniques such as gel‐permeation chromatography and turbidimetric methods, are also covered. Thermal tests, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis are all useful for understanding degradation and phase changes in polymers and their influence on material behavior. New techniques of atomic force microscopy and positron annihilation are allowing studies of the microstructure of polymers and free volume determinations. Several mechanical testing techniques are used in plastics for normal quality control testing and initial application screening of polymers. These tests and those used for more fundamental understanding of polymer response to stress, including fracture mechanics procedures, are referenced. Flammability tests commonly used for plastics include oxygen index, flammability ratings, and smoke generation. Work on the use of cone calorimeters to characterize behavior of plastics under fire conditions is also covered. Finally, environmental testing, chemical exposure, weathering, radiation, and biological agents are reviewed. Emphasis is given to test development or applications reported since 1990.

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Scratch behavior and material property relationship in polymers

Cited by 199 publications

References 26 publications

Infrared spectroscopy, nano-mechanical properties, and scratch resistance of esthetic orthodontic coated archwires

Infrared spectroscopy, nano-mechanical properties, and scratch resistance of esthetic orthodontic coated archwires

Comparative study of the effect of PEG and Crodamide on the scratch resistance of PMMA

Plastics Testing

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