Scratch hardness of glass

Sawamura, Shigeki; Wondraczek, Lothar

doi:10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.092601

Cited by 39 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…With the exception of FS, the scratch hardness at low loads (before abrasive wear, Figure A: blue symbols) is positively correlated with the bulk modulus. This overall trend is consistent with previous observations when using a sharp Berkovich indenter for scratching . In contrast, if any, a much weaker such correlation is visible for the scratch resistance in the micro‐abrasive regime (Figure A: red symbols).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The relation between

H_{S}^{sphere}

and F (Figure B) is very similar to the aforementioned dependence of

H_{S}^{sphere}

on K (Figure A): glasses with higher F (eg, CS‐1, F = 1.0) also exhibit higher scratch hardness. Together with the observations made on the representative strain at yielding (Figure : blue symbols) and on the onset of abrasive wear (Figure : red symbols), this finding corroborates some recent conclusions which were derived on the basis of normal indentation and Berkovich scratching experiments: spatial fluctuations in network rigidity affect the local (elastic and elastic‐plastic) deformation behavior of glasses (as long as the normal load does not exceed the threshold of abrasive wear, Figure B: blue symbols).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…To verify this hypothesis and facilitate a comparison to previous experiments, the scratch hardness was quantified also from the present series of ramp‐load scratch tests, following the method introduced by Sawamura et al and described in detail in Section 2.2. In the present study, the work of deformation was derived from the integral of the lateral force across a scratch length of 50 µm prior to (superscript “MC”) and at above the onset of abrasive wear (superscript “AW”, Figure A: shaded areas) and the corresponding scratch volume (Figure B: shaded areas) was estimated on the assumption of a spherical contact behavior.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In contrast, if any, a much weaker such correlation is visible for the scratch resistance in the micro‐abrasive regime (Figure A: red symbols). The origin of this discrepancy can be understood on the basis of the factors which contribute to the experimental bulk modulus, that is, the volume density of bond energy < U 0 / V 0 > and the cohesion factor F ,

K = F 〈\frac{U_{0}}{V_{0}}〉

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent progress in instrumented indentation and scratching studies enabled quantitative access to the scratch hardness of glass surfaces . Strong similarities but also systematic differences were found for lateral deformation experiments as compared to normal hardness testing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scratch‐induced yielding and ductile fracture in silicate glasses probed by nanoindentation

et al. 2019

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Lateral nanoindentation provides access to the scratch hardness of glass surfaces. The specific sensitivity of the scratching experiment to surface mechanical properties can be enhanced when the local load at the tip apex is reduced. Here, we report on ramp‐load scratch tests on a range of silicate glasses using a sphero‐conical tip shape. Similar as with regular scratching experiments using sharp indenters, such tests create a sequence of micro‐ductile, micro‐cracking, and micro‐abrasive regimes. Detailed investigation of the indenter displacement h and of the lateral force FL as recorded in situ, however, reveals pronounced deviations in comparison to Vickers or Berkovich scratching experiments. Most notably, this includes an abrupt increase in both h and FL at moderate normal load, marking the onset of ductile fracture, and a yield point at the transition from fully elastic deformation to the elastic‐plastic regime at low load. For the range of examined silicate glasses, we find that structural cohesion controls yielding, whereas scratch‐induced fracture and micro‐abrasion are dominated by the volume density of bond energy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The relation between

H_{S}^{sphere}

and F (Figure B) is very similar to the aforementioned dependence of

H_{S}^{sphere}

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

K = F 〈\frac{U_{0}}{V_{0}}〉

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scratch‐induced yielding and ductile fracture in silicate glasses probed by nanoindentation

et al. 2019

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Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges

et al. 2022

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in terms of deciphering structure-property relationships and the nonaffine nature of glass mechanical behavior, of computational and computer-assisted methods for accelerated materials discovery, and of physicochemical insight at glass formation and synthesis in unconventional types of materials. Despite this progress, significant questions remain as to the fundamental role of structural heterogeneity and its consequences for the predictability of mechanical properties underlying the many applications of glass. Today's challenge is to translate new understanding of the physics of disorder, glass chemistry, and surface mechanics into tools that enable future glass products with adapted elasticity, strength, and toughness. We will therefore consider fundamental advances in relation to emerging glass applications. While the aforementioned physical insights have mostly been obtained by computational simulation of model systems, and often through the examination of metallic glasses, we will here focus on glasses suitable for visible transparency, in particular silicate glasses, such as a representative of today's most prolific glass devices, ranging from ultrathin substrates to strong and visually transparent cover materials. We will further consider hybrid glasses and glass-like composite materials as emerging alternatives that may overcome the ubiquitous conflict between strength and toughness. [1] Glasses are materials that lack a crystalline microstructure and long-range atomic order. Instead, they feature heterogeneity and disorder on superstructural scales, which have profound consequences for their elastic response, material strength, fracture toughness, and the characteristics of dynamic fracture. These structure-property relations present a rich field of study in fundamental glass physics and are also becoming increasingly important in the design of modern materials with improved mechanical performance. A first step in this direction involves glass-like materials that retain optical transparency and the haptics of classical glass products, while overcoming the limitations of brittleness. Among these, novel types of oxide glasses, hybrid glasses, phase-separated glasses, and bioinspired glass-polymer composites hold significant promise. Such materials are designed from the bottom-up, building on structure-property relations, modeling of stresses and strains at relevant length scales, and machine learning predictions. Their fabrication requires a more scientifically driven approach to materials design and processing, building on the physics of structural disorder and its consequences for structural rearrangements, defect initiation, and dynamic fracture in response to mechanical load. In this article, a perspective is provided on this highly interdisciplinary field of research in terms of its most recent challenges and opportunities.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202109029.

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Mechanical Manipulation of a Fiber‐Optical Microprobe Fabricated from Oxide Glasses with Magnetic Force Response

Ding

Tanaka

Wondraczek

2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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Oxide glasses incorporating large amounts of paramagnetic ion species are well known to exhibit magnetic functionality: through the specific choice of ion, such glasses may simultaneously exhibit magnetic force response and high or low magneto‐optical performance, adapted to target applications as optically active or passive component, respectively. Herein, glasses based on heavy doping of manganese, terbium, or thulium into aluminosilicate matrices are considered for magnetic force manipulation. Optical fiber fabricated from such glasses can be used as a magnetoresponsive probe, where an external magnetic field is used for precise, noncontact positioning, and distance manipulation at nanometer resolution. The ability to independently tailor force response and Faraday rotation efficiency enables a very broad range of applications, from active magnetic field sensing, optical switching and modulation to passive light delivery, near‐field optical sensing, force sensing, and mechanical manipulation.

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Scratch hardness of glass

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Scratch‐induced yielding and ductile fracture in silicate glasses probed by nanoindentation

Scratch‐induced yielding and ductile fracture in silicate glasses probed by nanoindentation

Advancing the Mechanical Performance of Glasses: Perspectives and Challenges

Mechanical Manipulation of a Fiber‐Optical Microprobe Fabricated from Oxide Glasses with Magnetic Force Response

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