Scratch resistance of glass‐basalt fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites: A comparative study

Abstract

This research explores the scratch resistance of polymer composites reinforced with hybrid glass and basalt fibers under repeated loadings. By examining the behavior across 1–10 repetitions using Rockwell and Vickers indenters, the study delves into the complex interplay between composite matrices and the fibers' configurations. Through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging and 3D profilometry, it reveals how different fibers influence the composite's surface post‐scratch tests. Basalt fibers are found to offer superior scratch protection over glass fibers, although both types' of effectiveness declines with increased loading cycles, showing significant material loss and surface damage respectively. Composites with these fibers display enhanced resistance, especially when basalt fibers are optimally positioned on the surface. The study underscores the critical role of fiber‐matrix bonding in scratch resistance and the significant impact of mechanical stress. It was found that the scratch hardness values reduced with more repeats in the scratch tests utilizing Vickers and Rockwell indenters. The sample with the label G4B6G4 has the greatest hardness values, which is noteworthy. After 10 repeats, the scratch hardness values for this sample reduced to 225 N/mm2 and 75 N/mm2, respectively, from roughly 340 N/mm2 and 225 N/mm2 at both ends for a single repetition. In addition, ANOVA for penetration depth is dominated (66.01%) by the repetition factor. The most common kind is indenter (42.79%), with low p‐values. Despite material and indenter effects, groove area study confirms the significance of repetition (65.72%).Highlights Basalt fibers enhance scratch resistance more than glass fibers. Increased scratch repetitions lead to fiber breakage and material loss. Hybrid fiber layers distribute load and minimize surface damage. Strong fiber‐matrix adhesion is crucial for reducing damage severity. Research informs the design of durable, fiber‐reinforced composites.