Screen‐printed Nickel‐Cerium Hydroxide Sensor for Acetaminophen Determination in Body Fluids

Abstract

The possibility of fast, reliable, and sensitive (μmol L À 1 ) quantification of acetaminophen (AAP) directly in saliva and sweat was demonstrated in the pH range of 4 to 7 using a new userfriendly and cost-effective graphite screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with 2-3 nm diameter alpha-nickel-cerium hydroxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles (NPs) were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, HRTEM and STEM), XRD, and the electrochemical conditions for AAP analysis optimized, pushing down the limit of detection with good selectivity. The possibility of real-time measurements of AAP was demonstrated by carrying out experiments directly in biofluids, without significant interference from species such as lactate, glucose, ascorbic and uric acid usually present in this kind of samples. This is the first report combining the catalytic properties and easy incorporation of alpha-nickel-cerium hydroxide nanoparticles into graphite ink to prepare an SPE for AAP electrochemical detection in secreting body fluids. The α-Ni 0.9 Ce 0.1 (OH) 2 SPE features good accuracy and selectivity, fast response, good accuracy and selectivity, as well as low reagent consumption for determination of AAP in real saliva and sweat samples.

NiVCe-Layered Double Hydroxide as Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Energy and Sensor Applications

“…The relative Ni:V:Ce molar ratio measured for the Ni 0.9 V 0.05 Ce 0.05 -LDH was 90.3:4.9:4.8, in good agreement with the expected values (90, 5, and 5%, respectively). In addition, the layered structure of Ni(OH) 2 and Ni 0.9 V 0.05 Ce 0.05 -LDH NPs (Figure 1A) was confirmed by XRD where the apparent lower intensity and broadness of that diffraction peak are characteristics of a less crystalline material owing to rather smaller size nanoparticles (Azeredo et al, 2021). However, when the amount of vanadium ions precursor (VCl 3 ) is greater than five atom%, for example, in the case of bimetallic Ni 0.9 V 0.1 -LDH (Supplementary Figure S1A) and trimetallic Ni 0.8 V 0.1 Ce 0.1 -LDH (Supplementary Figure S1B), the formation of KCl is noteworthy.…”

“…The suspensions of α-Ni(OH) 2 and the unprecedented Ni 1-xy V x Ce y -LDH NPs (x y 0.05 or 0.10) were prepared as reported previously (Assis et al, 2020;Azeredo et al, 2021) by dissolving the total of 4.82 mmol of the metal acetates (or metal chloride, in the case of vanadium ions) in 25 ml of glycerin at 50 °C. After the dissolution of the metal salts, 9.64 mmol of KOH dissolved in 25 ml of anhydrous n-butanol was added dropwise into the stirred solution at room temperature.…”

“…The formation of LDHs by the incorporation of Ce 3+ has also been a strategy in the development of sensors (Gonçalves et al, 2017;Azeredo et al, 2021) and electrocatalysts for oxidation reactions (Assis et al, 2020). For instance, Gonçalves et al (2017) developed nickel-based hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) with enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability by incorporation of 20 atom% of Ce 3+/4+ ions (Ni 0.8 Ce 0.2 -LDH).…”