Screen‐printing of nanocube‐based flexible microchips for the precise biosensing of ethanol during fermentation

Abstract

The real‐time and full concentration analysis of ethanol during the fermentation reaction allows the precise control of the microbial metabolism to promote the conversion rate; however, only few techniques can directly detect the fermentation broth without pretreatment. To address this issue, a screen‐printed biosensing microchip (SPBM) was proposed to analyze the ethanol concentration in fermentation, relying on designing a well‐defined nanocubic structure of an Au nanoparticles/nickel hexacyanoferrate nanocomposite. This nanocomposite was then made into a printing ink for the direct fabrication of a SPBM. The as‐prepared microchip exhibits an ultrahigh electrocatalysis on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with a high sensitivity of 96.2 ± 2.9 μA·mM−1·cm−2. Moreover, after the immobilization of alcohol dehydrogenase, the accurate and rapid monitoring of the ethanol concentration during the real fermentation reaction can be realized within an ultrawide linear range of 0.1–10 M in the broth without any pretreatment.

Inkjet Printing: A Viable Technology for Biosensor Fabrication

“…Finally, the Nafion layer was printed to act as a protective layer to encapsulate the sensor. Reprinted with permission from [70].…”

“…Decades of extensive research in the field of printing technologies have led to a major diversification in the number of developed printing techniques. For biosensing fabrication, besides the major contributions of screen printing [70] and inkjet printing [71], other techniques such as 3D printing [72], gravure printing [73], reverse offset printing [74], flexographic printing [75], e-beam, photo, and probe-based lithographies [76,77], and laser printing [78] have also been studied. The main purpose of the developed printing techniques has been: simplicity, flexibility, miniaturization, high throughput, high accuracy, high resolution, remote applicability, portability, increased data density, and economical fabrication methodologies for mass production.…”

Scalable Printing of Prussian Blue Analogue@Au Edge-Rich Microcubes as Flexible Biosensing Microchips Performing Ultrasensitive Sucrose Fermentation Monitoring

“…At present, common sucrose detection methods include chromatography, spectrophotometry, qualitative chemical methods, refraction, optical rotation, and so on . These methods are limited due to either requirement of expensive and bulky equipment or certain deficiencies such as time-consuming and complicated operation, which are unable to satisfy both high accuracy and real-time report in the sucrose test. , …”

“…10 These methods are limited due to either requirement of expensive and bulky equipment or certain deficiencies such as time-consuming and complicated operation, which are unable to satisfy both high accuracy and realtime report in the sucrose test. 11,12 Electrochemical biosensing technology possesses advantages including fast response, high selectivity, and low cost; hence, it has been widely applied in the clinical diagnosis of various physiological indices, such as glucose. 13−15 Nevertheless, because the target concentration in fermentation is much higher than that in body fluids, it is difficult to adopt the clinical biosensor directly for the test of the fermentation broth.…”

Design of Chopsticks-Shaped Heating Resistors for a Thermal Inkjet: Based on TaN Film

“…As microfluidic chips become significant equipment in our daily lives, such as in office printing, 3D printing, cell bioprinting, and food printing, the sizes and structures of inkjet chips are constantly being upgraded [ 1 , 2 ]. In sensor manufacturing, screen printing [ 3 ] and inkjet printing [ 4 , 5 ] have a high penetration rate. In addition, there are 3D printing, flexographic printing [ 6 ], laser printing [ 7 ], and other new fields.…”