Screen time in 36-month-olds at increased likelihood for ASD and ADHD

Hill, Monique Moore; Gangi, Devon N.; Miller, Meghan; Rafi, Sabrina Mohamed; Ozonoff, Sally J

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101484

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This finding highlights the influence of the sheer volume of screen media time over and above the other variables studied. This finding also supports previous research indicating a negative association between the amount of screen time and language outcomes (e.g., Chonchaiya & Pruksananonda, 2008;Duch et al, 2013;Dynia et al, 2021;Hill et al, 2020;Supanitayanon et al, 2020;Tomopoulos et al, 2010;van den Heuvel et al, 2019). The influence of screen media use, as a molar activity the children engage in on a daily basis, further supports Bronfenbrenner's views.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…A small number of studies have found positive associations between the quantity of screen media exposure and language outcomes (e.g., Linebarger & Walker, 2005;Roseberry, Hirsh-Pasek & Golinkoff, 2014). However, the majority of the studies that examined the relation between the quantity of foreground and background screen media exposure and language outcomes in young children point to either negative relations (e.g., Chonchaiya & Pruksananonda, 2008;Duch, Fisher, Ensari, Font, Harrington, Taromino, Yip & Rodriguez, 2013;Dynia et al, 2021;Hill, Gangi, Miller, Rafi & Ozonoff, 2020;Hudon et al, 2013;Madigan, McArthur, Anhorn, Eirich & Christakis, 2020;Supanitayanon et al, 2020;van den Heuvel, Ma, Borkhoff, Koroshegyi, Dai, Parkin, Maguire, Birken & TARGet Kids! Collaboration, 2019) or non-significant relations (e.g., Alloway, Williams, Jones & Cochrane, 2014;Schmidt, Rich, Rifas-Shiman, Oken & Taveras, 2009;Taylor, Monaghan & Westermann, 2018).…”

Section: Quantity Of Screen Media Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The association between screen media quantity, content, and context and language development

2022

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This study investigates the influence of the quantity, content, and context of screen media use on the language development of 85 Saudi children aged 1 to 3 years. Surveys and weekly event-based diaries were employed to track children’s screen use patterns. Language development was assessed using JISH Arabic Communicative Development Inventory (JACDI). Findings indicate that the most significant predictor of expressive and receptive vocabulary in 12- to 16-month-olds was screen media context (as measured by the frequency of interactive joint media engagements). In older children (17- to 36-month-olds), more screen time (as measured by the amount of time spent using screens, the prevalence of background TV at home, and the onset age of screen use) had the highest negative impact on expressive vocabulary and mean length of utterance. These findings support health recommendations on the negative effects of excessive screen time and the positive effects of co-viewing media with children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Quantity Of Screen Media Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The association between screen media quantity, content, and context and language development

2022

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“…At 36-months, participants were classified into one of three outcome groups by a licensed psychologist. Consistent with previous work (Hatch et al, 2020;Hill, Gangi, Miller, Rafi, & Ozonoff, 2020), participants were classified into the "ADHD Concerns" outcome group if they (a) received an examinerrated clinical best estimate outcome of "ADHD Concerns," and (b) exhibited ≥4 DSM-5 ADHD symptoms within any one symptom domain (i.e. inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive) or ≥5 DSM-5 symptoms across both symptom domains (i.e.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of objectively measured motor activity among infants developing ASD and concerns for ADHD

Reetzke

Iosif

Hatch³

et al. 2021

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: Heightened motor activity is a hallmark of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet high activity levels are also often reported in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is currently unclear whether increased motor activity represents a distinct versus shared early predictor of ASD and ADHD; no prior studies have directly examined this prospectively. We investigated differences in longitudinal patterns of objectively measured motor activity during early development. Methods: Participants included 113 infants at high and low risk for ASD or ADHD. Continuous motion-based activity was recorded using tri-axial accelerometers at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age. At 36 months, participants were categorized into one of three outcome groups: ASD (n = 19), ADHD Concerns (n = 17), and Typically Developing (TD; n = 77). Group differences in trajectories of motor activity were examined in structured and semistructured contexts. Associations with behaviors relevant to ASD, ADHD, and general development were also examined. Results: In both structured and semistructured contexts, both the ASD and ADHD Concerns groups exhibited heightened activity relative to the TD group by 18 months; the ASD group exhibited higher activity than the ADHD Concerns group at 24-36 months in the structured context only. Attention/ behavior regulation, nonverbal, and verbal development-but not social engagement-were differentially associated with objectively measured activity by outcome group across contexts. Conclusions: Overactivity may be a shared, rather than distinct, precursor of atypical development in infants/toddlers developing ASD and concerns for ADHD, emerging as early as 18 months. Group differences in overactivity may be context-specific and associated with different underlying mechanisms.

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“…Furthermore, in most of the 45 studies, screen time was defined as the amount time that children spent on two activities: watching TV and playing video games. Admittedly, since the publication of the 2014 meta-analysis by Nikkelen et al, several studies on preschool age children have emerged and the results are similar (Hill et al, 2020; Wu et al, 2017; Xie et al, 2020). However, these studies have typically focused on wider range of preschool school age range (i.e., between 3 and 6 years).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screen Time and ADHD Behaviors in Chinese Children: Findings From Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Data

Tan

Zhou²

2022

J Atten Disord

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Objective: Research suggests that screen exposure presents a risk for ADHD behaviors in young children. However, the operationalization of screen exposure remains murky and longitudinal data is scarce. In this paper, we examined the relations between better operationalized daily screen time and behaviors of inattention and behaviors of hyperactivity/impulsivity in three cohorts of community samples of young Chinese children. Method: Study 1 was longitudinal and included 111 children who were 3.6 years old (Range = 2.4–4.9; SD = 0.4) at Baseline and 4.8 years old (Range = 3.9–6.0; SD = 0.4) at Follow-Up. Study 2 was cross-sectional and included 172 children aged 4.9 years (Range = 3.0–7.1; SD = 1.0). Study 3 was also cross-sectional and included 313 children who were 6.9 years old (Range = 5.7–8.3; SD = 0.4). In each study, the parents reported how much time that their children spent daily on iPad/tablet, smart phone, and online games and watching TV in the previous week, and their children’s behaviors of inattention (I/A) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I). Results: Regression analysis revealed that in Study 1, controlling for child demographics, mother’s education, family SES, and corresponding I/A or H/I scores at Baseline, screen time at Baseline predicted I/A scores ( β = .27, p < .01) and H/I scores ( β = .32, p < .001) at Follow-Up. Similarly, controlling for covariates, screen time predicted I/A scores ( β = .25, p < .01) and H/I scores ( β = .25, p < .01) in Study 2; I/A scores ( β = 0.16, p < .01) and H/I scores ( β = .15, p < .05) in Study 3. Conclusion: Screen exposure was a risk for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity behaviors in urban Chinese children.

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Screen time in 36-month-olds at increased likelihood for ASD and ADHD

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

The association between screen media quantity, content, and context and language development

The association between screen media quantity, content, and context and language development

Patterns of objectively measured motor activity among infants developing ASD and concerns for ADHD

Screen Time and ADHD Behaviors in Chinese Children: Findings From Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Data

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