Screening and analysis of water quality of Zea River in Kurdistan region, Iraq

Hassan, Najmaldin Ezaldin; Ali, S.

doi:10.21833/ijaas.2016.08.011

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, magnesium contributes three to four-fold greater than calcium in creating total poor hardness of Khabur river greater than 200 mg/l. In a study in the same river [1] found that the total hardness and both calcium and magnesium hardness were exceeded the permissible limits [19] studied the physio-chemical analysis of Zea River which passes through the Deralok city, an agricultural town of Duhok province in the same region during November, 2014 to June, 2015and found this finding that are harmonize with our findings Water temperature ranged from 10.71 to 16.01 (ºC). pH ranged from 7.27 to 8.73, DO from 7.53 to 9.01 (mg/l), EC from 316 to 398 (μS/cm), TDS from 202 to 255 (mg/l), turbidity from 86 to 92 (NTU), total hardness from 206 to 216 (mg/l), total alkalinity from 58 to 76 (mg/l) and total acidity (53-83 mg l -1 ), BOD (2.7-3.7 mg l -1 ), COD (1.7-2.1 mg l -1 ).…”

Section: Physio-chemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 87%

Influences of Spatial and Seasonal Variation on Khabur River Pollution by Municipal Wastewater in Zakho District, Iraq Kurdistan Region

Hussain

Umer

Ahmed

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Samples of water were collected from the Khabur River in Zakho city in Iraqi Kurdistan Region in three seasons, the summer, autumn, and winter of 2021, at three different locations, before arriving at the city, inside the city, and after passing the city, and some Physio-chemical properties of water were determined to evaluate the spatial and seasonal variation effects on the renowned Khabur River properties. The result revealed the dissolved oxygen DO, biological oxygen demand is significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the summer season than autumn and winter, as the high temperature minimizes the dissolvability of oxygen necessary for life in the water, however, the level of BOD in Khabur river in three seasons not exceeded the recommended level of WHO and Iraqi slandered 3 mg/l. The pH of the Khabur River is not significantly affected by seasonal changes, while EC is significantly affected by seasonal variation. The alkalinity of the Khabur River is significantly higher in summer than in autumn and winter, and the opposite of almost all the studied parameters that increased in winter. The river has a total hardness greater than 200 mg/l as well as total calcium and magnesium. Hardness is significantly high in winter, as the dissolution of both Ca and Mg from bedrock and soil is increased by the action of heavy rainfall on the eroded soil. Regarding the spatial variation, the most studied parameters of the Khabur deteriorated when the river enters Zakho city, as approximately all the sewage water of this city is discharged into the river without any proper treatment.

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Section: Physio-chemical Parameterssupporting

confidence: 87%

Influences of Spatial and Seasonal Variation on Khabur River Pollution by Municipal Wastewater in Zakho District, Iraq Kurdistan Region

Hussain

Umer

Ahmed

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…To manage and assess water quality reasonably and objectively in areas seriously affected by background values, the Tangwang River Basin in Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area and an improved ECM was applied to quantify background pollutants. Firstly, model parameters in the ECM were determined by coupling the improved ECM with a mechanistic model-pollutant yield coefficients of forest and grassland (COD: 28.1 t/km 2 a, NH3-N: 0.47 t/km 2 a) and farmland (COD: 15.8 t/km 2 a, NH3-N: 1.47 t/km 2 a) and their validities were verified using water quality monitoring data with high pollutant concentrations from background monitoring stations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a significant positive correlation between pollutant concentration and flow in the upstream areas, indicating that runoff is the main factor driving background pollutant amounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Consequently, a large amount of organic matter flows into the river with rainfall-runoff, resulting in degraded regional water quality. The river is divided into upper, middle, and lower reaches according to the control area of hydrological stations (H1-H3); (b) monitoring stations for water quality in water function zones (R1-R9); background monitoring stations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) were used to monitor water quality in areas where human activity is scarce; Non-background areas include areas with high intensity of human activity; reference standard (GB/T50594-2010) for the division of water function zones.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water environment is closely related to human life and production, and its protection, control, and management, as well as prevention of pollution, are the focus of scholars in the field of environmental research [1][2][3][4][5]. In order to understand the characteristics of regional water environments and control water pollution, a large number of models have been developed thus far to simulate non-point source pollution loads and provide a basis for regional water environment control and planning [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins

Duan

Peng

et al. 2019

Water

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The limitations of water quality management and assessment methods in China can be ascertained by comparison with other countries. However, it is unreasonable to use a uniform standard to evaluate water quality throughout China because one standard cannot fully account for the regional differences in background water quality. This study aimed to provide a basis for environmental water management decision-making. Areas seriously affected by background pollutants were identified by comparing several factors across 31 provinces in China. By coupling an improved export coefficient model (ECM) with a mechanistic model, a suitable pollutant yield coefficient was determined and its rationality was analysed. The export coefficient model was applied to estimate the pollutant (chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen) output of the basin in 2015. The spatial distribution characteristics of the pollutants were determined by simulating the pollutant outputs of 22 sub-basins and nine water function zones. For the year 2020, the simulation results of pollutant outputs far exceed the sewage discharge limit in water function zones and the pollutant concentration was much higher than the standard. Considering background pollutant outputs, more reasonable sewage discharge limit and water quality evaluation method are proposed.

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“…An integral part of the ecosystem is water [4]. It is the mother of all living things [5]. Despite the fact that over 70% of the Earth's surface is covered with water, just a mere 3% of it is acceptable for human consumption, with the other 97% consisting of saline water [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on techniques for the cleaning of wastewater

Marwan Shamo Shekho,

Najmaldin Ezaldin Hassan

2024

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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The review thoroughly examines current approaches to wastewater treatment, addressing the urgent worldwide issues of water contamination and shortage. Given that the majority of Earth's surface is covered by water, only a small portion of it is really appropriate for consumption. As a result, billions of people are at risk of experiencing water shortages on a yearly basis. The research examines several therapeutic strategies, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, with a specific emphasis on their effectiveness, constraints, and current advancements. Adsorption and membrane technology are physical technologies that use developments in nano-sized materials to improve the removal of contaminants. Coagulation/flocculation procedures encounter difficulties in de-colorization and sludge generation, notwithstanding their effectiveness. Chemical techniques such as electrochemical and photo-electrochemical oxidation, Fenton's oxidation, and ozonation demonstrate sophisticated oxidation mechanisms that have the ability to break down pollutants. Nevertheless, the need for continuous improvement arises due to problems such as energy expenses and the generation of by-products. The use of microorganisms for the breakdown of organic colorants is a promising ecologically acceptable solution in the field of biology. Biofilm applications show potential in the treatment of sewage water, highlighting the capacity of microorganisms to adapt and their enzymatic activity. This review highlights the urgent need for ongoing research and technological advancements in order to address the global issue of water scarcity. It emphasizes the importance of incorporating sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solutions into worldwide water management strategies, in order to ensure a resilient future.

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Screening and analysis of water quality of Zea River in Kurdistan region, Iraq

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Influences of Spatial and Seasonal Variation on Khabur River Pollution by Municipal Wastewater in Zakho District, Iraq Kurdistan Region

Influences of Spatial and Seasonal Variation on Khabur River Pollution by Municipal Wastewater in Zakho District, Iraq Kurdistan Region

Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins

A review on techniques for the cleaning of wastewater

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