Screening, Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Alonso-Esteban, Yurena; Marín, Francisco Alcantud

doi:10.3390/children9020153

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…1 Our study adds to a growing body of literature highlighting the limitations of common pediatric developmental and behavioral assessment tools for non-White populations. [36][37][38] This study, however, has several limitations. Similar to many longitudinal data sets with multiple waves of data collection, the ECLS-B has missing data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measurement and Identification of Parenting Behaviors Associated with Social-Emotional Outcomes in Children: The Racial and Cultural Appropriateness of a Commonly Used Parenting Measure

Guerrero

Biely

Dudovitz

et al. 2021

J Dev Behav Pediatr

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Objective: The objective of this study was to examine parenting styles (observed parent-child interactions via the Two-Bag Task) associated with young children's socioemotional outcomes, comparing children from Mexican-American and African American families with children from their White counterparts. Methods: The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort data were used to examine 6 global parenting styles with socioemotional outcomes at 48 months of age while controlling for both time-independent and time-depending sociodemographic, maternal mental health, and child characteristics. Data were stratified by race and ethnicity, and weighted longitudinal linear regressions models were estimated using STATA/Xtmixed. Results: The 6 global parenting scores from the Two-Bag Task measures differed across White, African American, and Mexican-American groups of parents. White parents on average scored higher on parenting styles related to sensitivity, positive regard, and cognitive stimulation, whereas Mexican-American and African American parents scored lower. These parenting styles were associated with both approach to learning and social competence outcomes among White children but were nearly nonexistent for Mexican-American and African American children when adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Our results highlight the need to critically evaluate measures of parenting behaviors used in research studies with racially and ethnically diverse families. Examining the comprehensive psychometric properties and cultural appropriateness of parenting measures for diverse families is important to optimally support child development for non-White children. Furthermore, a critical lens is important to mitigate the perpetuation of inaccurate research findings for Mexican-American and African American children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Measurement and Identification of Parenting Behaviors Associated with Social-Emotional Outcomes in Children: The Racial and Cultural Appropriateness of a Commonly Used Parenting Measure

Guerrero

Biely

Dudovitz

et al. 2021

J Dev Behav Pediatr

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“…There could be many explanations for the absence of effects. We suggest that the main priority in relevant research should be to identify which treatment works best and for whom [ 72 , 73 ]. It is not yet clear which characteristics of a child and family may affect the success of an intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our review, the age range of the participants was found to be 24–132 months. Although there have been a limited number studies examining the influence of age of therapy initiation on outcomes, research has shown that the sooner an intervention takes place, the higher the impact on the altered brain circuity of children with ASDs, resulting in positive outcomes [ 72 , 73 ]. In addition, the predictive value of cognitive ability at pre-treatment on participants’ performance is not yet clear [ 21 , 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been a limited number studies examining the influence of age of therapy initiation on outcomes, research has shown that the sooner an intervention takes place, the higher the impact on the altered brain circuity of children with ASDs, resulting in positive outcomes [ 72 , 73 ]. In addition, the predictive value of cognitive ability at pre-treatment on participants’ performance is not yet clear [ 21 , 72 ]. Of course, different researchers have used different inclusion criteria to attempt to account for the limitations and controversies that the previous ASD research presents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Efficacy of Early Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Daniolou

Pandis

Znoj

2022

JCM

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The superiority of early interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) has recently been questioned. This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of early interventions in improving the cognitive ability, language, and adaptive behavior of pre-school children with ASDs through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In total, 33 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis using the random effects model. The total sample consisted of 2581 children (age range: 12–132 months). Early interventions led to positive outcomes for cognitive ability (g = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.58; p = 0.02), daily living skills (g = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.63; p = 0.01), and motor skills (g = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.62; p = 0.001), while no positive outcomes were found for the remaining variables. However, when studies without the blinding of outcome assessment were excluded, positive outcomes of early interventions only remained for daily living skills (g = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.52; p = 0.02) and motor skills (g = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.69; p = 0.007). Although early intervention might not have positive impacts on children with ASDs for several outcomes compared to controls, these results should be interpreted with caution considering the great variability in participant and intervention characteristics.

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“…When should preventive measures begin? Early diagnosis of ASD is crucial for the correct prevention of oral health being undertaken at early as possible (55)(56)(57). Diagnosing autism during pregnancy is a possibility, particularly for women at risk (58,59), yet dental assistance and counseling should be promoted to parents as soon as the possibility of autism spectrum disorder has been forecast (60,61).…”

Section: Concerns and Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on dental care management and prevention in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). What is new?

Zerman

Zotti²,

Chirumbolo³

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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Autistic subjects represent a severe concern to dentistry due to the considerable difficulty in managing their oral health, maintaining routine toothbrushing, and preventing dental and periodontal problems. The social and economic burden of managing dental care in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children is particularly cumbersome for families and public and private health expenditure, especially when children reach the dentist following a late diagnosis with evident oral health problems. An early diagnosis of ASD helps dentists better address these children's oral health. Unfortunately, insufficient attention is paid to the training and education of general pediatricians, dentists, and dental hygienists, allowing them to get to approach the different clinical aspects of ASD. Usually, children diagnosed with ASD are scheduled for dental appointments like their neurotypical peers, whereas their needs are typically complex and personalized. Scant attention is also devoted to these patients by commercial manufacturers of dental products and devices for oral hygiene and prevention of caries and periodontal diseases, leaving parents without the support and often failing when they address the oral health of autistic children. The difficulties of oral care do not derive simply from the behavior of ASD patients, as is commonly assumed, and therefore cannot be overcome solely by the patience and attention of parents and dentists. Genetics, dietary habits, sensory impairments, and cognition disorders are other causes contributing in various degrees to the impact on the mood and psychological reactions of autistic children towards dentists. How can we prevent teeth caries, periodontal disorders, and other oral health impairments by properly managing ASD children? This manuscript gives an up-to-date overview of these problems and helps to provide good remarks.

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Screening, Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract: The increment of prevalence is among the most important changes that have taken place in recent years with regard to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); in the 1970s and 1980s of the 20th century, the prevalence of ASD was estimated to be 4/10,000 [...]

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Measurement and Identification of Parenting Behaviors Associated with Social-Emotional Outcomes in Children: The Racial and Cultural Appropriateness of a Commonly Used Parenting Measure

Measurement and Identification of Parenting Behaviors Associated with Social-Emotional Outcomes in Children: The Racial and Cultural Appropriateness of a Commonly Used Parenting Measure

The Efficacy of Early Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Insights on dental care management and prevention in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). What is new?

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