Screening for active compounds in <italic>Rhus coriaria</italic> L. crude extract that inhibit the growth of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum</italic>

Abstract

An experiment was performed to study the antibacterial activity of methanol, acetone, alcohol and aqueous extracts from the fruit of &lt;italic&gt;R. coriaria&lt;/italic&gt; by disk diffusion assay in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and killing-time curve. The detection of the components was also fulfilled using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and also tested for their antibacterial activity. The tested bacteria were &lt;italic&gt;Pseudomonas syringae&lt;/italic&gt; (Accession No. KJ858057), a tomato bacterial speck causal agent, and &lt;italic&gt;Ralstonia solanacearum&lt;/italic&gt; (Accession No. KJ881159) causing tomato bacterial wilt. Furthermore, the inhibition criteria were made by different extracts of the sampled bacteria which were measured and compared with standard antibiotic (chloramphenicol). Aqueous extract displayed better outcomes against &lt;italic&gt;P. syringae&lt;/italic&gt; and &lt;italic&gt;R. solanacearum&lt;/italic&gt; as compared to chloramphenicol. According to the GC-MS test results, the aqueous extract was composed of 39 different phytocompounds, together with eight elements in the high peak region, namely Furfural, 1-Cyclopetene, 2,5 Furandione, Phloroglucinol, Succinic acid, Malic acid, P-Tolylacetic acid and Coumalic acid. Among these, it was discovered that 2,5 Furandione was the most important antibacterial element that is present in sumac. The results from the current study indicate that different extracts of &lt;italic&gt;R. coriaria&lt;/italic&gt; contain a variety of antibacterial compounds which can potentially be used to produce an extensive range of herbal mixtures with anti-bacterial properties for controlling diseases in crops belonging to the &lt;italic&gt;Solanaceae family&lt;/italic&gt;.

In-vitro anti-bacterial activity and phytochemical screening of crude extracts of Catharanthus roseus L. (G.) Don.

“…Balaabirami and Patharajan, (2012) evaluated C. roseus against different bacterial and fungal strains with best results for antimicrobial activity with ethanolic extract. Govindasamy and Srinivasan, (2012) reported antimicrobial activities of C. roseus against 5 different bacterial strains with maximum inhibition zone was (Hossain et al, 2014;Rashid et al, 2016). All these secondary metabolites showed antimicrobial properties through different mechanism.…”

Antifungal efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…This finding agrees with the earlier report of Banso et al (1999) that indicated that antifungal compounds found in the plant extracts were fungistatic at lower concentrations, while becoming fungicidal at higher concentrations of the extracts. In addition, growth inhibition activity of the crude plant extracts might be due to the synergistic effect of various active compounds that are in higher or small proportion in the crude extract but not due to the action of a single active compound (Rashid et al, 2016;Pinto et al, 2015;Díaz Dellavalle et al, 2011;Banso et al 1999). In-vitro study on the diametric growth inhibition of the B. cinerea isolates by methanol crude extracts of M. oleifera has confirmed the antifungal efficacy of the plant.…”

Rhus coriaria (Sumac): A Magical Spice

“…Among bacteria, the inhibitory effects were shown to have positive relationship as an increased of Rhus coriaria fruit extracts concentration from 0.1 to 20 mg/ml lead to increasing the inhibitory effect [27]. It is valuable to mentioning that in vitro antimicrobial activity of Rhus coriaria extracts has been strongly suggested to the presence of tannins [28].…”