Screening for Bacteriuria in Japanese School Children

Litaka, Kikuo; Sakai, Tadasu; Oyama, Kouji; Izawa, Tadashi; Igarashi, Sumiko

doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.1990.tb00906.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our study, the number of normal cases of RNC or VCUG in children under co-trimoxazole therapy was 1.2 times more than in those on cephalexin, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Similar to our findings, Neilson stated that 10 to 35% of vesicular reflux cases had underlying malformations (27).Litaka et al also found that 21% of children with permanent bacteriuria had anomalies (28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Co-trimoxazole and Cephalexin Efficacy in Preventing Urinary Tract Infection among Children

Parhiz

Rahafard

Sharifi

et al. 2021

jcbr

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Background and objectives: Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children before kidney damage is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare efficacy of co-trimoxazole and cephalexin in the prevention of recurrent UTI in children. Methods: The study was performed on 100 children aged three months to 14 years who were referred to the Taleghani Pediatric Hospital in Gorgan (Iran) during 2016. The subjects had a history of UTI and required antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent UTI. They were divided into two groups of co-trimoxazole and cephalexin. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18) and at significance level of 0.05. Results: Recurrent UTI was observed in eight children (16.0%) taking cephalexin and in six children (12.0%) receiving co-trimoxazole (p=0.56). Urine culture examination revealed Escherichia coli as the causative agent of UTI in six cases (75 %) receiving cephalexin and in five cases (83.3%) receiving co-trimoxazole (p=0.70). It should be noted that unilateral moderate hydronephrosis was the most frequent anomaly (n=26) in the study groups. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, both cephalexin and co-trimoxazole have similar efficacy in the prevention of UTI among children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of Co-trimoxazole and Cephalexin Efficacy in Preventing Urinary Tract Infection among Children

Parhiz

Rahafard

Sharifi

et al. 2021

jcbr

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“…In three papers which had previously used lower diagnostic thresholds [ 16 , 20 , 21 ], I recalculated their data using ≥ 10 5 cfu/ml. I rejected one study that had counted proteus contamination as UTI [ 31 ], another because of unacceptable design features [ 32 ], one because of selection bias [ 18 ], and one because the data was insufficient to reanalyse [ 33 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using urine nitrite sticks to test for urinary tract infection in children aged < 2 years: a meta-analysis

Coulthard

2019

Pediatr Nephrol

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Background This study aimed to determine whether nitrite sticks are as sensitive at detecting urinary tract infection (UTI) in children <2 years as they are in older children. Methods I reanalysed data on using nitrite sticks to detect UTIs for children aged either < 2 or 2–18 years. For sensitivity, evidence of a UTI was defined as level 1 when a single uropathogen grew ≥ 10 5 colony forming units/ml (cfu/ml) in two urine samples, level 2 when just one sample was cultured or a threshold of < 10 5 cfu/ml was used, and level 3 if mixed growths or Staphylococcus albus was considered to be positive. For specificity, children were defined as uninfected if they had 1 sterile urine culture. I also reanalysed our previously published data by age. Results The sensitivity was lower for children aged < 2 years (11 studies, 1321 subjects) than for older children (9 studies, 295 subjects), whether the level-1 values or all the studies were analysed (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.0001 for both). The level-1 sensitivities were 0.23 in the infants and 0.81 among older children (odds ratio = 0.07, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.18). The specificity was very high in infants (10 studies, 1783 cases) and older children (7 studies, 5952 cases), at 0.990 and 0.996. Conclusions Nitrite sticks only have a 23% sensitivity in children aged < 2 years, so cannot reliably rule out UTIs. A positive nitrite stick test is about 99% likely to indicate a UTI in children of any age.

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“…Univariate logistic regression revealed an association of outliers with lower categories of internal and external validity (internal ≤ 50%: OR = 15.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 233.2, external ≤ 75%: OR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 15.1). Therefore, studies in the lowest categories of internal or external validity (≤50%) were excluded from further sub-group analysis and meta-regression (n = 12, references: [36,37,44,62,71,72,77,78,82,83,88,89]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Univariate logistic regression revealed an association of outlier studies with lower categories of external validity (external ≤ 50%: OR = 32, 95% CI 2.3 to 447). Studies in the lowest category (≤50%) of internal validity (n = 1, reference: [81]) and external validity (n= 6, references: [37,62,71,80,83,89]) were excluded from the analysis. Sensitivity and specificity were correlated after exclusion (Spearman ρ = -0.635), but remained heterogeneous (Q = 368 and 1799, df 34), as did the ln(DOR) (Q = 64, df 34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A meta-analysis of the accuracy

et al. 2004

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Background: Many studies have evaluated the accuracy of dipstick tests as rapid detectors of bacteriuria and urinary tract infections (UTI). The lack of an adequate explanation for the heterogeneity of the dipstick accuracy stimulates an ongoing debate. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to summarise the available evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the urine dipstick test, taking into account various pre-defined potential sources of heterogeneity.

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Screening for Bacteriuria in Japanese School Children

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of Co-trimoxazole and Cephalexin Efficacy in Preventing Urinary Tract Infection among Children

Comparison of Co-trimoxazole and Cephalexin Efficacy in Preventing Urinary Tract Infection among Children

Using urine nitrite sticks to test for urinary tract infection in children aged < 2 years: a meta-analysis

The urine dipstick test useful to rule out infections. A meta-analysis of the accuracy

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