Screening for bipolar depression in family medicine practices: Prevalence and clinical correlates

How common is bipolar disorder in general primary care attendees? A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating prevalence determined according to structured clinical assessments

“…At the full-text review stage, 98 articles were considered and 82 articles were excluded with reasons (see Figure 1). Thus, 16 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review (Aillon et al, 2014; Ansseau et al, 2004; Carvalho et al, 2014; Gaynes et al, 2010; Ghuloum et al, 2011; Kroon et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2004; Olfson et al, 1997; Philbrick et al, 1996; Serrano-Blanco, 2010; Sorvaniemi and Salokangas, 2005; Spitzer et al, 1994; Szádóczky et al, 1997, 2004; Vermani et al, 2011; Vöhringer et al, 2013). Details regarding the search results including reasons for exclusion of articles are summarised in Figure 1.…”

“…The mean age of participants across the studies was 41.1 years (standard deviation [SD] = 7.2 years) and the percentage of males was 33.3%. Six studies were conducted in Europe (Ansseau et al, 2004; Kroon et al, 2013; Serrano-Blanco, 2010; Sorvaniemi and Salokangas, 2005; Szádóczky et al, 1997, 2004) and five were conducted in North America (Gaynes et al, 2010; Olfson et al, 1997; Philbrick et al, 1996; Spitzer et al, 1994; Vermani et al, 2011) The remaining studies included in our analysis were conducted in Taiwan (Liu et al, 2004; Vöhringer et al, 2013), Brazil (Carvalho et al, 2014), Kenya (Aillon et al, 2014) and Qatar (Ghuloum et al, 2011). There was some variation in the time over which BD diagnosis was considered: three studies considered 12-month prevalence (Serrano-Blanco, 2010; Sorvaniemi and Salokangas, 2005; Szádóczky et al, 2004) and eight considered current BD (Aillon et al, 2014; Ansseau et al, 2004; Carvalho et al, 2014; Ghuloum et al, 2011; Liu et al, 2004; Philbrick et al, 1996; Szádóczky et al, 1997; Vermani et al, 2011).…”

“…In order to investigate if the prevalence of BD has changed over time, we conducted a meta-regression analysis using the date of study publication across all 16 studies. The meta-regression analysis established that a more recent study publication year was pooled current prevalence of BD (Aillon et al, 2014;Ansseau et al, 2004;Carvalho et al, 2014;Ghuloum et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2004;Philbrick et al, 1996;Szádóczky et al, 1997;Vermani et al, 2011). Using these studies, the prevalence of current BD was 3.7% (95% CI = [1.9, 6.0], Q = 157, p < 0.01).…”

Megacities, migration and an evolutionary approach to bipolar disorder: a study of Sardinian immigrants in Latin America

“…Demographic information (sex, age, residence, education, first or second generation) was collected using a structured tool. Hypomania was screened using validated Italian, 19 Brazilian Portuguese 20 and Argentinian Spanish 21 versions of the MDQ. Interviews were conducted by phone.…”

“…The cutoff for MDQ positivity was set at X 8 'yes' scores, as in the previous Argentinian study, 11 the Italian study used for comparison 17,19 and the Brazilian validation study. 20…”