Screening for Bisphenol Chemicals: A Strategy Based on Dansyl Chloride Derivatizatio n Coupled with In-Source Fragmentation by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Bisphenol chemicals (BPs) represent a complexity of halogenated and nonhalogenated substances sharing a common structure of two phenol functionalities, some of which exhibit ubiquitous environmental distributions and endocrine-disrupting activities. However, environmental monitoring of complex BP-like chemicals has faced analytical challenges arising from the lack of commercially available reference standards and efficient screening strategies. In the present study, we developed a strategy based on dansyl chloride (DnsCl) derivatization in combination with insource fragmentation (D-ISF) during high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis to screen for bisphenol chemicals in complex environmental samples. The strategy contains three steps, including DnsCl derivatization to enhance the detection sensitivity by one to more than four orders of magnitude, in-source fragmentation to produce characteristic loss of 234.0589, 63.9619, and 298.0208 Da for the identification of DnsCl-derivatized compounds, and data processing and annotation. The D-ISF strategy was further validated and then applied to identify BPs in six types of particular matters as representative environmental samples, including settled dust from an electronic waste dismantling site, homes, offices, and vehicles, and airborne particles from indoor and outdoor environments. A total of six halogenated and fourteen nonhalogenated BPs were identified in the particles, including several chemicals that had rarely or never been identified in environmental samples. Our strategy offers a powerful tool for the environmental monitoring of bisphenol chemicals and assessment of human exposure risks.

Temporal trends in microplastic accumulation in placentas from pregnancies in Hawaiʻi

“…Our findings also indicate changes in the size and chemical polymer composition of the MPs over time, with some compounds increasing over time while other materials appear to be decreasing over time. There was an increase in unidentified MPs found in placentas collected more recently, which may represent the introduction of newer chemically modified polymer compounds into the environment or a result of MP degradative by-products, which do not yet have reference standards in current databases ( Liu, 2023 ).…”

Bisphenol Chemicals in Surface Soil from E-Waste Dismantling Facilities and the Surrounding Areas: Spatial Distribution and Health Risk

“…After being repeated twice, the combined extract was concentrated to about 100 µL. The concentrated extract was then derivatized with DnsCl using the procedures described previously [ 17 ].…”

“…The screening of derivatized BPs in pooled e-waste soil using the D-ISF strategy was carried out on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-HRMS device (Vanquish Flex, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Pleasanton, CA, USA) equipped with an Orbitrap Exploris 240 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, CA, USA). Detailed information was provided in our previous study [ 17 ]. The determination of identified derivatized BPs was performed on an Agilent 1290 Infinity LC coupled to a 6470 triple quadrupole MS equipped with Jet Stream Technology Ion Source electrospray ionization (AJS-ESI) (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).…”

“…Recently, we have developed a non-targeted screening strategy D-ISF for the identification of BPs based on dansyl chloride (DnsCl) derivatization and positive electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in-source fragmentation [ 17 ]. The strategy largely enhanced the detection sensitivities and accuracy by introducing easily ionizable functional groups to BPs and generating characteristic fragments.…”

A Portable Device for in Situ Noninvasive Monitoring of Cell Secretions and Communications with Fluorescence and Nanochannel Electrochemistry

“…Traditional proteomic analysis, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mass spectrometry (MS), has been widely employed to detect cell secretions, while tedious preprocessing steps were needed, including extracting and collecting targets from cells, which will consume a large number of samples and contaminate samples. − In recent years, the utilization of micro/nanofluidic platforms has opened up unparalleled possibilities for conducting in situ analysis of cell secretion. , These platforms offer numerous advantages, including miniaturization, seamless integration, minimal sample usage, and swift analysis. − Lin’s group developed an open-space microfluidic chip, integrating cell culture and online semiquantitative detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via rolling circle amplification (RCA) reaction . Liu’s group designed a droplet sensor with Au nanoclusters as a signal amplifier to quantify extracellular H 2 O 2 secreted by different cell types at the single-cell level .…”