Screening for cervical cancer in HIV-infected women: A review of literature

Rahatgaonkar, Veena; Deshpande, Aditi A; Oka, Gauri A

doi:10.4103/ijc.ijc_888_19

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, studies that have applied self-sampling in women with HIV in LMICs have not been synthesized in the literature and this study seeks to close the gap in the literature. Second, and most importantly, women with HIV are disproportionately affected by cervical cancer and require regular screening [ 38 , 39 ], and yet, those women are underrepresented in standard CC screening [ 34 , 40 ]. Thus, highlighting how HPV self-sampling [ 41 ] has been implemented among this hard-to-reach population (i.e., women with HIV) is critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, due to poor health care infrastructure and inadequate qualified personnel, clinician-provided screenings such as HPV tests, Pap tests, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) are few and far between in LMICs, making self-sampling a viable option to increase CC screening among women in LMICs [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Second, and most importantly, women with HIV bear a significant burden of CC and require regular screening [ 38 , 39 ], yet those women are underrepresented in standard CC screening [ 34 , 40 ]. It is, thus, critical to understand how this inexpensive, convenient, easy, and safe to use HPV self-sampling [ 41 ] has been implemented among this hard-to-reach population (i.e., women with HIV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What Do We Know and What Can Be Done?

et al. 2022

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Introduction. Self-sampling has the potential to increase cervical cancer (CC) screening among women with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, our understanding of how HPV self-collection studies have been conducted in women with HIV is limited. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the extent to which the HPV self-sampling has been applied among women with HIV in LMICs. Method: We conducted multiple searches in several databases for articles published between 2000 and January 2022. With the combination of keywords relating to HPV self-sampling, LMICs, and women with HIV, we retrieved over 9000 articles. We used pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to select relevant studies for this review. Once a study met the inclusion criteria, we created a table to extract each study’s characteristics and classified them under common themes. We used a qualitative descriptive approach to summarize the scoping results. Results: A total of 12 articles were included in the final review. Overall, 3178 women were enrolled in those studies and 2105 (66%) of them were women with HIV. The self-sampling participation rate was 92.6%. The findings of our study show that 43% of the women with HIV in 8 of the studies reviewed tested positive for high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) genotypes, indicating 4 out of 10 women with HIV in the studies are at risk of cervical cancer. The prevalence of the hr-HPV in women with HIV was 18% higher than that of HIV-negative women. Most women in the study found the self-sampling experience acceptable, easy to use, convenient, and comfortable. Self-sampling performance in detecting hr-HPV genotypes is comparable to clinician-performed sampling. However, limited access (i.e., affordability, availability, transportation), limited knowledge about self-screening, doubts about the credibility of self-sampling results, and stigma remain barriers to the wide acceptance and implementation of self-sampling. In conclusion, the findings of this review highlight that (a) the prevalence of hr-HPV is higher among women with HIV than HIV-negative women, (b) self-sampling laboratory performance is similar to clinician-performed sampling, (c) the majority of the women participated in self-sampling, which could likely increase the cervical cancer screening uptake, and (d) women with HIV reported a positive experience with self-sampling. However, personal, environmental, and structural barriers challenge the application of self-sampling in LMICs, and these need to be addressed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What Do We Know and What Can Be Done?

et al. 2022

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“…Low-income countries and regions have 18-fold higher mortality rates than high-income countries, with underdeveloped countries accounting for 85% of all deaths [ 2 ]. With respect to its pathological pathways, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause, and the dysregulation of genes is also an important factor [ 3 , 4 ]. Although the application of HPV vaccine can prevent CC, more research into CC's therapeutic options and clinical outcome is urgently required [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLTP Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immunotherapy Efficacy in Cervical Cancer

Shi

Liu

et al. 2022

Disease Markers

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Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The prognosis of CC patients remains poor. The objective of our study was to explore the potential of glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) in predicting the prognosis of CC and patients’ response to immunotherapy. The expression of GLTP was determined using TCGA and GEO datasets. The prognostic value of GLTP in CC patients was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate analysis. The relationships between BTBD10 and immunological checkpoints, immune checkpoint genes, and ferroptosis-related genes were analyzed to explore the impact of GLTP on CC immunotherapy. According to the dysregulated expressions of BTBD10, the IC50 distribution of various targeted medicines was studied. In this study, we found that GLTP expression was distinctly upregulated in CC specimens. However, Kaplan-Meier assays showed that CC patients with low GLTP expressions tended to exhibit a shorter overall survival. Importantly, multivariate assays revealed that GLTP expression was an independent prognostic factor for CC patients. Moreover, we observed that GLTP expression was related to CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Meanwhile, GLTP expressions were associated with those of immune checkpoints, ferroptosis-related genes, and m6A-related genes. The IC50 of Cisplatin, Docetaxel, and Paclitaxel was lower in the high-GLTP-expressing group. Taken together, GLTP was expected to be a prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker for CC.

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“…For WLWH 30 years and older, HPV testing is recommended, and a colposcopy is indicated if there are 2 repeated results of atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). An initial ASCUS result alone can be followed up either with a colposcopy or with a 6-month repeat cytology 6,7 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial ASCUS result alone can be followed up either with a colposcopy or with a 6-month repeat cytology. 6 , 7 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining 5-Year Cervical Cytology Progression Among Minority Women Living With HIV and Baseline Negative Cytology

Sanchez‐Covarrubias

Crane

Montgomerie

et al. 2022

J Low Genit Tract Dis

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Objective: Women living with HIV (WLWH) have increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, precancers, and invasive cervical cancers. This study aims to determine the rate of cervical cytologic progression and related factors in minority WLWH across 5 years. Materials and Methods:We used our HIV clinic database, complemented with a retrospective chart review to identify WLWH with a baseline negative cervical cytology between 2009 and 2012 and 5-year follow-up. Data included race/ethnicity, age, years living with HIV, AIDS status, viral load, history of smoking, drug use, and HPV status. Multivariate logistic regression tested progression of negative cytology to low-grade/high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL/HGSIL).Results: Among 162 WLWH, 42% were African American, 30% non-Hispanic African Caribbean, and 26% Hispanic. At baseline, 21% had detectable viral load (>200 cp/mL), mean age was 44.8 (±11 years), and mean years living with HIV was 9.6 (±6.9). After 5 years, 19% of the cohort progressed to LGSIL/HGSIL. Human papillomavirus was detected consistently among women with cytologic changes (30% vs 7%, p < .01). Significant factors that predicted higher likelihood of progression to LGSIL/ HGSIL were detection of HPV (adjusted odds ratios = 5.11 [1.31-19.93]; p = .02), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined AIDS status (adjusted odds ratios = 4. 28 [1.04-17.63]; p = .04). Of the women who maintained negative cytology at 1 to 2 years (n = 102), 5 women (5%) progressed during the following 3 years before the recommended follow-up.Conclusions: Human papillomavirus detection and AIDS status were significant factors predicting progression to LGSIL/HGSIL among minority WLWH. Providers screening WLWH for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia should carefully decide screening intervals for minority populations.

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Screening for cervical cancer in HIV-infected women: A review of literature

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What Do We Know and What Can Be Done?

HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: What Do We Know and What Can Be Done?

GLTP Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immunotherapy Efficacy in Cervical Cancer

Examining 5-Year Cervical Cytology Progression Among Minority Women Living With HIV and Baseline Negative Cytology

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