Screening for essential fatty acid deficiency in at risk infants

Pavlovski, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2009.06.050

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…Total fatty acid profiles in the red blood cells can be used to test for EFAD. EFAD testing is positive when linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid and/or docosahexanoic acid are below reference ranges for age in patients with either clinical signs of EFAD or severe fat soluble-vitamin deficiencies not improving with supplementation (36). The classically used triene to tetraene ratio >0.2 is not a sufficient testing approach for EFAD and it provides no information regarding the status of v-3 fatty acids (36).…”

Section: Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Support of Children With Chronic Liver Diseases

Mouzaki

Bronský

Gupte

et al. 2019

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Section: Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Support of Children With Chronic Liver Diseases

Mouzaki

Bronský

Gupte

et al. 2019

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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“…We followed the method and approach for newborn essential fatty acid screening 4 and use the UK National Screening Committee criteria (see Table 1). 5 The UK criteria adds further questions to those proposed by Wilson and Jungner.…”

Section: Methods and Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 In 2003, the amortised cost for conducting an individual newborn screening test in Australia was AUD $1.1. 150 With 300,000 births annually, 151 and the incidence of cystic fibrosis at one in 3,000, 152 pre-term and low birth weight at around 8 per cent and 6.5 per cent, respectively, 151 the at-risk population is 43,600 annually; this excludes combined incidences within risk groups.…”

Section: Cost-effective Balance Of Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of screening immune system function in at-risk newborns

Pavlovski¹

2014

amj

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This paper explores the introduction of a screening test to highlight impaired immune system status for newborn infants and its efficacy as a preventative clinical measure. Moreover, it is suggested that screening of the infantile immune system has the potential to highlight susceptibility to a range of infant and childhood diseases, bestowing an opportunity to introduce early intervention to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Development of the neonatal immune system is an important health issue, implicated in many childhood problems such as allergies, infection, and autoimmunity. The neonate has a limited immune system and ability to combat bacteria. Depleted levels of the tripeptide reduced glutathione (GSH) have been linked to numerous conditions and its intracellular level is acknowledged as an indicator of immune system function. Introduction of an immune system screening programme for infants is formally reviewed and assessed. Several benefits are reported in the treatment of impaired immune systems, a trial screening programme is proposed for at-risk infants to gather further evidence as to its efficacy. Infants at risk of impaired immune system function include cystic fibrosis, premature infants, and low birth weight infants. The interventions include breastfeeding, milk banks, and appropriate formula to support the immune system.

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“…Attention is required when linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, and/or docosahexaenoic acid levels are low and either clinical signs or severe deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are resistant to supplementation. Importantly, the classic marker of a ratio of triene/tetraene >0.2 is not a sufficient marker when testing for PUFA and EFA deficiency [ 50 ]. Unlike in breast milk, formulae contain little LCP [ 51 ], and this can lead to possible malnutrition unless egg yolks or fish oil are administered at weaning [ 22 , 51 ].…”

Section: Causes Of Malnutrition In Cholestatic Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Pediatric Chronic Cholestatic Disease: An Up-to-Date Overview

et al. 2021

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Despite recent advances, the causes of and effective therapies for pediatric chronic cholestatic diseases remain elusive, and many patients progress to liver failure and need liver transplantation. Malnutrition is a common complication in these patients and is a well-recognized, tremendous challenge for the clinician. We undertook a narrative review of both recent and relevant older literature, published during the last 20 years, for studies linking nutrition to pediatric chronic cholestasis. The collected data confirm that malnutrition and failure to thrive are associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality, and they also affect the outcomes of liver transplantation, including long-term survival. Malnutrition in children with chronic liver disease is multifactorial and with multiple potential nutritional deficiencies. To improve life expectancy and the quality of life, patients require careful assessments and appropriate management of their nutritional statuses by multidisciplinary teams, which can identify and/or prevent specific deficiencies and initiate appropriate interventions. Solutions available for the clinical management of these children in general, as well as those directed to specific etiologies, are summarized. We particularly focus on fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and malnutrition due to fat malabsorption. Supplemental feeding, including medium-chain triglycerides, essential fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, and the extra calories needed to overcome the consequences of anorexia and high energy requirements, is reviewed. Future studies should address the need for further improving commercially available and nutritionally complete infant milk formulae for the dietary management of this fragile category of patients. The aid of a specialist dietitian, educational training regarding nutritional guidelines for stakeholders, and improving family nutritional health literacy appear essential.

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Screening for essential fatty acid deficiency in at risk infants

Cited by 5 publications

References 150 publications

Nutrition Support of Children With Chronic Liver Diseases

Nutrition Support of Children With Chronic Liver Diseases

Efficacy of screening immune system function in at-risk newborns

Malnutrition in Pediatric Chronic Cholestatic Disease: An Up-to-Date Overview

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