Screening for infection in unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people

Williams, Bhanu; Boullier, Mary; Cricks, Zoe; Ward, A. W.; Naidoo, Ronelle; Williams, Amanda; Robinson, Kim; Eisen, Sarah; Cohen, Jonathan

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2019-318077

Cited by 14 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We examined 460 database records from the 4,476 excluded Embase results, and no records about OECD countries were identified for NICE guidelines 1 and 3 (Table 2). We found five records of relevance to an OECD country (3.3%) within excluded Embase results for NICE guideline 2 [33][34][35][36][37]. These references were about the international adoption of minors from non-OECD countries by adoptive parents based in OECD countries or about unaccompanied asylum seeker minors from non-OECD countries in OECD countries [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Embase Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We found five records of relevance to an OECD country (3.3%) within excluded Embase results for NICE guideline 2 [33][34][35][36][37]. These references were about the international adoption of minors from non-OECD countries by adoptive parents based in OECD countries or about unaccompanied asylum seeker minors from non-OECD countries in OECD countries [33][34][35][36][37]. All the Embase references used for the evaluation are available in Appendixes 6 and 7.…”

Section: Embase Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The draft filters did not exclude any database records that were focused solely on an OECD country. However, a small number of references (7 out of 910 records; 0.8%) about looked-after minors from non-OECD countries who now live in OECD countries were excluded [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. This is because only the geographic subject headings for the non-OECD countries had been assigned in the database records.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The NICE OECD countries’ geographic search filters: Part 1—methodology for developing the draft MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) filters

Ayiku

Levay

Hudson

2021

jmla

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Objective: There are no existing validated search filters for the group of 37 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. This study describes how information specialists from the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) developed and evaluated novel OECD countries’ geographic search filters for MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) to improve literature search effectiveness for evidence about OECD countries.Methods: We created the draft filters using an alternative approach to standard filter construction. They are composed entirely of geographic subject headings and are designed to retain OECD country evidence by excluding non-OECD country evidence using the NOT Boolean operator. To evaluate the draft filters’ effectiveness, we used MEDLINE and Embase literature searches for three NICE guidelines that retrieved >5,000 search results. A 10% sample of the excluded references was screened to check that OECD country evidence was not inadvertently excluded.Results: The draft MEDLINE filter reduced results for each NICE guideline by 9.5% to 12.9%. In Embase, search results were reduced by 10.7% to 14%. Of the sample references, 7 of 910 (0.8%) were excluded inadvertently. These references were from a guideline about looked-after minors that concerns both OECD and non-OECD countries.Conclusion: The draft filters look promising—they reduced search result volumes while retaining most OECD country evidence from MEDLINE and Embase. However, we advise caution when using them in topics about both non-OECD and OECD countries. We have created final versions of the search filters and will validate them in a future study.

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Section: Embase Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embase Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The NICE OECD countries’ geographic search filters: Part 1—methodology for developing the draft MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) filters

Ayiku

Levay

Hudson

2021

jmla

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“…A recent meta-analysis estimated a seroprevalence in immigrants from endemic areas and living in nonendemic areas at approximately 18%, with immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa having the highest prevalence (approximately 24%) [ 36 ]. The group of HIV + immigrants showed figures over 20% [ 37 ], and that of unaccompanied immigrant minors showed figures of approximately 16% [ 38 ]. In addition, in the immigrant group from endemic areas, approximately 40% of diagnosed infections occur in asymptomatic patients [ 8 ], which can cause a diagnostic delay [ 39 ] and sometimes has serious consequences [ 40 ].…”

Section: Chronic Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species most frequently implicated at this level is S. haematobium [ 37 ]. This is because S. haematobium , unlike other human-infecting schistosome species, mainly migrates to the veins surrounding the bladder (the vesicle venous plexus), thus causing urinary schistosomiasis [ 38 ]. It is also remarkable the emergence of the concept of parasite hybridization, which is being observed more frequently in cases of urogenital schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Urogenital Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Spectrum of Schistosomiasis: An Update

Carbonell

Rodríguez‐Alonso

López-Bernús

et al. 2021

JCM

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Schistosomiasis is a helminthic infection and one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It is caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. It is an important public health problem, particularly in poverty-stricken areas, especially those within the tropics and subtropics. It is estimated that at least 236 million people worldwide are infected, 90% of them in sub-Saharan Africa, and that this disease causes approximately 300,000 deaths annually. The clinical manifestations are varied and affect practically all organs. There are substantial differences in the clinical presentation, depending on the phase and clinical form of schistosomiasis in which it occurs. Schistosomiasis can remain undiagnosed for a long period of time, with secondary clinical lesion. Here, we review the clinical profile of schistosomiasis. This information may aid in the development of more efficacious treatments and improved disease prognosis.

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Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children

Vonasek

Ness

Takwoingi

et al. 2021

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Globally, children under 15 years represent approximately 12% of new tuberculosis cases, but 16% of the estimated 1.4 million deaths. This higher share of mortality highlights the urgent need to develop strategies to improve case detection in this age group and identify children without tuberculosis disease who should be considered for tuberculosis preventive treatment. One such strategy is systematic screening for tuberculosis in high‐risk groups. Objectives To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the presence of one or more tuberculosis symptoms, or symptom combinations; chest radiography (CXR); Xpert MTB/RIF; Xpert Ultra; and combinations of these as screening tests for detecting active pulmonary childhood tuberculosis in the following groups. – Tuberculosis contacts, including household contacts, school contacts, and other close contacts of a person with infectious tuberculosis. – Children living with HIV. – Children with pneumonia. – Other risk groups (e.g. children with a history of previous tuberculosis, malnourished children). – Children in the general population in high tuberculosis burden settings. Search methods We searched six databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Embase, on 14 February 2020 without language restrictions and contacted researchers in the field. Selection criteria Cross‐sectional and cohort studies where at least 75% of children were aged under 15 years. Studies were eligible if conducted for screening rather than diagnosing tuberculosis. Reference standards were microbiological (MRS) and composite reference standard (CRS), which may incorporate symptoms and CXR. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality using QUADAS‐2. We consolidated symptom screens across included studies into groups that used similar combinations of symptoms as follows: one or more of cough, fever, or poor weight gain and one or more of cough, fever, or decreased playfulness. For combination of symptoms, a positive screen was the presence of one or more than one symptom. We used a bivariate model to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and performed analyses separately by reference standard. We assessed certainty of evidence using GRADE. Main results Nineteen studies assessed the following screens: one symptom (15 studies, 10,097 participants); combinations of symptoms (12 studies, 29,889 participants); CXR (10 studies, 7146 participants); and Xpert MTB/RIF (2 studies, 787 participants). Several studies assessed more than one screening test. No studies assessed Xpert Ultra. For 16 studies (84%), risk of bias for the reference standard domain was unclear owing to concern about incorporation bias...

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Screening for infection in unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and young people

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

The NICE OECD countries’ geographic search filters: Part 1—methodology for developing the draft MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) filters

The NICE OECD countries’ geographic search filters: Part 1—methodology for developing the draft MEDLINE and Embase (Ovid) filters

Clinical Spectrum of Schistosomiasis: An Update

Screening tests for active pulmonary tuberculosis in children

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