Screening for lipophilic marine toxins and their potential producers in coastal waters of Weihai in autumn, 2020

Geng, Hui-Xia; Sun, Hong-Xiao; Liu, Chao; Kong, Fan‐Zhou; Zhang, Qing‐Chun; Tian, Yun; Yu, Rencheng

doi:10.1007/s00343-022-2301-0

J. Ocean. Limnol.

2022

DOI: 10.1007/s00343-022-2301-0

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Screening for lipophilic marine toxins and their potential producers in coastal waters of Weihai in autumn, 2020

Hui-Xia Geng

Hong-Xiao Sun

Chao Liu

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

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Occurrence and phase distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the bottom boundary layer and sediment-porewater system of two mariculture sites

Sheng,

He,

Shen

et al. 2023

Chemosphere

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Occurrence and phase distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the bottom boundary layer and sediment-porewater system of two mariculture sites

Sheng,

He,

Shen

et al. 2023

Chemosphere

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A Review of Cyclic Imines in Shellfish: Worldwide Occurrence, Toxicity and Assessment of the Risk to Consumers

Finch,

Harwood,

Boundy

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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Cyclic imines are a class of lipophilic shellfish toxins comprising gymnodimines, spirolides, pinnatoxins, portimines, pteriatoxins, prorocentrolides, spiro-prorocentrimine, symbiomines and kabirimine. They are structurally diverse, but all share an imine moiety as part of a bicyclic ring system. These compounds are produced by marine microalgal species and are characterized by the rapid death that they induce when injected into mice. Cyclic imines have been detected in a range of shellfish species collected from all over the world, which raises the question as to whether they present a food safety risk. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers them to be an emerging food safety issue, and in this review, the risk posed by these toxins to shellfish consumers is assessed by collating all available occurrence and toxicity data. Except for pinnatoxins, the risk posed to human health by the cyclic imines appears low, although this is based on only a limited dataset. For pinnatoxins, two different health-based guidance values have been proposed at which the concentration should not be exceeded in shellfish (268 and 23 µg PnTX/kg shellfish flesh), with the discrepancy caused by the application of different uncertainty factors. Pinnatoxins have been recorded globally in multiple shellfish species at concentrations of up to 54 times higher than the lower guidance figure. Despite this observation, pinnatoxins have not been associated with recorded human illness, so it appears that the lower guidance value may be conservative. However, there is insufficient data to generate a more robust guidance value, so additional occurrence data and toxicity information are needed.

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Screening for lipophilic marine toxins and their potential producers in coastal waters of Weihai in autumn, 2020

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Occurrence and phase distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the bottom boundary layer and sediment-porewater system of two mariculture sites

Occurrence and phase distribution of lipophilic marine algal toxins in the bottom boundary layer and sediment-porewater system of two mariculture sites

A Review of Cyclic Imines in Shellfish: Worldwide Occurrence, Toxicity and Assessment of the Risk to Consumers

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