2016
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040434
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Screening for Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV-Infected Individuals at First Contact after HIV Diagnosis: The Experience of a Large Clinical Center in Northern Italy

Abstract: Neurocognitive disorders are emerging, probably underestimated, complications in HIV-infected people. The aim of the study was to assess neurocognitive profiles of newly detected HIV-infected patients. We performed an observational retrospective single-cohort study. Illiterates and patients with neurologic symptoms or previous psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. Neuropsychological profiles were assessed using a validated battery of neuropsychological tests. We included 206 patients; with males representing th… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(31 citation statements)
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“…The fundamental finding of our work is that EcoHIV infection causes NCI but not CD4 + T cell depletion or immunodeficiency in mice ( Fig 2 ), separating at least part of the causes of these two HIV disease manifestations. In this respect, murine HIV-NCI resembles HIV-NCI observed one year after HIV infection in about 20% of ART-naive people with normal CD4 + T cell counts [ 20 22 ]. The frequency of NCI in such subjects who began ART one year after infection was similar to that in subjects who delayed treatment until their CD4 + counts declined to a predetermined low threshold [ 23 ], suggesting that mild HIV-NCI develops both independently of immunodeficiency and despite ART.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The fundamental finding of our work is that EcoHIV infection causes NCI but not CD4 + T cell depletion or immunodeficiency in mice ( Fig 2 ), separating at least part of the causes of these two HIV disease manifestations. In this respect, murine HIV-NCI resembles HIV-NCI observed one year after HIV infection in about 20% of ART-naive people with normal CD4 + T cell counts [ 20 22 ]. The frequency of NCI in such subjects who began ART one year after infection was similar to that in subjects who delayed treatment until their CD4 + counts declined to a predetermined low threshold [ 23 ], suggesting that mild HIV-NCI develops both independently of immunodeficiency and despite ART.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We are interested in the role of HIV in NCI development under the physiological conditions of stable HIV suppression and functional immune systems, as seen in about 50% of patients on long-term ART [ 15 19 ]. HIV-NCI is also observed at significant frequencies in untreated individuals in relatively early stages of infection when antiviral responses suppress HIV replication prior to the onset of severe immunodeficiency [ 20 22 ]. Interestingly, the frequency of NCI in patients who initiated ART within one year on average after HIV transmission and in a matched cohort of untreated patients was similar [ 22 , 23 ], suggesting that HIV depots driving NCI pathogenesis are established by the first year of HIV infection and these depots persist despite ART and vigorous host antiviral immune responses.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, while less severe HAND stages predominate today, the overall prevalence of HAND remains relatively unchanged compared to the pre-cART era, affecting up to 50% of HIV-infected persons and remaining one of the most common neurological complications of HIV. [164][165][166] Recognition of HAND is important as individuals with HAND have higher rates of cART non-adherence and steeper declines in adherence over time compared to individuals without HAND. [167][168][169] The reported prevalence of HAND in LMIC varies widely, ranging from 6%-64% in children and adults, [148 170-176] likely reflecting vast differences in methodology (e.g.…”
Section: Comorbid Conditionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Deficits in different areas of life such as cognitive, motor, emotional and even personality changes can be caused by HIV especially lately as the disease progression fastens. These problems range from the asymptomatic impairments to mild forms and to the more severe HIV dementia (3,4,9,10,11). …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%