Screening for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Spinach and Isolation of Verticillium dahliae from Seed of Spinach Accessions

Villarroel-Zeballos, Maria I.; Feng, Chunda; Iglesias, A. Pena; Toit, L. J. du; Correll, James C.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.47.9.1297

Cited by 14 publications

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“…From this diverse collection, the predominant species recovered was V. dahliae. However, addifional taxa, including V tricorpus and G. nigrescens, were recovered from these spinach seed lots as well as from seed of PI lines from the USDA germplasm repository (L. J. du Toit et al, unpublished data; 30,81,82). Examination of a subset of 210 isolates of V. dahliae from this collection of isolates demonstrated that the majority of spinach isolates belonged to one of two VCGs, VCG 2B or VCG 4B, and a very small proportion belonged to VCG 2A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the spinach inoculation experiments, disease severity was rated using a scale of 0 to 6 (28,81,82), in which 0 = no symptoms, 1 = >0 to 10% of the plant showing chlorosis or necrosis, 2 = >10 to 25% chlorosis or necrosis, 3 = >25 to 50% chlorosis or necrosis, 4 = >50 to 75% chlorosis or necrosis, 5 = >75 to <100% chlorosis or necrosis, and 6 = dead plant. The midpoints of each range (0.0, 5.0, 17.5, 37.5, 62.5, 87.5, and 100.0%) were used for statistical analysis.…”

Section: Vcg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant height and dry weight data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD comparison of means, and the correlation coefficients of plant growth parameters and disease severity were calculated using JMP. Plant height and dry weight data were not collected for the inoculated spinach plants based on prior experience with Verticillium wilt ratings of spinach (82).…”

Section: Vcg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zare, W. Gams & Summerb. (formerly V. nigrescens) (85) have also been recovered from seed from spinach germplasm collections and from commercial spinach seed lots (L. J. du Toit, unpublished data; 81,82). Severe symptoms can be caused by V. dahliae on several plant species, whereas V. tricorpus and G. nigrescens are generally reported as weak pathogens or saprotrophs (9,57).…”

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Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Vegetative Compatibility Grouping of Verticillium Isolates from Spinach Seed

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Iglesias-Garcia, A. M., Villarroel-Zeballos, M. I., Feng, C, du Toit, L. J., and Correll, J. C. 2013. Pathogenicity, virulence, and vegetative compatibility grouping of Verticillium isolates from spinach seed. Plant Dis. 97:1457-1469.In 2005, Verticillium dahliae was first reported to be pathogenic to spinach seed crops in the Pacific Northwest, with symptoms only developing after initiation of the reproductive stage of plant growth, and to be prevalent on commercial spinach seed lots produced in Denmark, The Netherlands, and the United States. In this study, the genetic diversity, pathogenicity, and virulence were examined for a collection of isolates of Verticillium spp. from spinach as well as other hosts (alfalfa, cotton, lettuce, mint, peppermint, potato, radish, and tomato) from various countries and from different vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Of a total of 210 isolates of V. dahliae obtained from spinach seed produced in Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, or the United States, 128 were assigned to VCG 4B (89% of 91 U.S. isolates, 86% of 42 isolates from the Netherlands, 19% of 43 Denmark isolates, and 8% of 13 New Zealand isolates), 65 to VCG 2B (92% of the New Zealand isolates, 79% ofthe Denmark isolates, 14% ofthe Netherlands isolates, and 9% of the U.S. isolates), and 3 to VCG 2A (2% of each of the Denmark and U.S. isolates, and 0% of the Netherlands and New Zealand isolates); 14 isolates could not be assigned to a VCG. Although little variation in the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA was observed among isolates within each Verticillium sp., the ITS region readily differentiated isolates of the species V. dahliae, V. tricorpus, and Gibellulopsis nigrescens (formerly V. nigrescens) obtained from spinach seed. Greenhouse pathogenicity assays on spinach, cotton, lettuce, and tomato plants using isolates of V. dahliae (n = 29 to 34 isolates), V. tricorpus {n = 3), G. nigrescens (n = 2), and V albo-atrum (n = 1) originally obtained from these hosts as well as from alfalfa, mint, peppermint, potato, and radish, revealed a wide range in virulence among the isolates. Isolates of V. tricorpus and G. nigrescens recovered from spinach seed and an isolate of V. albo-atrum from alfalfa were not pathogenic on spinach. In addition, isolates of V. dahliae from mint and peppermint were not pathogenic or only weakly virulent on the hosts evaluated. Although there was a wide range in virulence among the isolates of V. dahliae tested, all of the V. dahliae isolates caused Verticillium wilt symptoms on spinach, lettuce, tomato, and cotton. None of the isolates of V. dahliae showed host specificity. These results indicate that Verticillium and related species associated with spinach seed display substantial variability in virulence and pathogenicity to spinach and other plants but the V. dahliae isolates were restricted to three VCGs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vcg Analysismentioning

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Section: Vcg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Vegetative Compatibility Grouping of Verticillium Isolates from Spinach Seed

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“…One recent study examined resistance to verticillium wilt in spinach (Villarroel-Zeballos et al, 2012). The authors screened 120 spinach accessions from the USDA spinach collection and 10 commercial cultivars against verticillium wilt.…”

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Characterization of Spinach Germplasm for Resistance Against Two Races of Verticillium dahliae

Mou

Klosterman

Anchieta

et al. 2015

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Historically, wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae has not presented a problem in California spinach production because the crop is harvested well before the symptoms develop after the stem elongation (bolting) stage. However, infested spinach seeds introduce or increase inoculum in the soil for rotational crops such as lettuce. This investigation was designed to identify verticillium wilt-resistant accessions in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) spinach germplasm collection against races 1 and 2 of V. dahliae, and to examine seed transmission of the pathogen in different spinach genotypes. In a seed health assay of 392 accessions, 21(5.4%) were positive for V. dahliae, and 153 (39%) were positive for Verticillium isaacii. A total of 268 accessions plus nine commercial cultivars were then screened against one race 1 and two race 2 isolates from spinach in replicated greenhouse experiments. Disease incidence, severity, and seed transmission through plating on NP-10 medium and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were assessed. There was wide variation among accessions in their response to V. dahliae with disease incidence ranging from 0% to 100%. The two race 2 isolates differed in their virulence against spinach genotypes. Resistant accessions were identified against both races 1 and 2. Recovery of V. dahliae from seeds plated on NP-10 medium and qPCR results were highly correlated (P = 0.00014). Some accessions identified as resistant based on disease incidence showed little seed transmission of the pathogen. Even though lower wilt incidence and severity generally corresponded with lower seed transmission rates, there were exceptions (r = 0.52). Variation among plants within accessions was also observed. Nevertheless, the sources of resistance identified in this study are useful for spinach cultivar improvement.

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Crop Disease Management

2017

Microbial Plant Pathogens

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Screening for Resistance to Verticillium Wilt in Spinach and Isolation of Verticillium dahliae from Seed of Spinach Accessions

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Vegetative Compatibility Grouping of Verticillium Isolates from Spinach Seed

Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Vegetative Compatibility Grouping of Verticillium Isolates from Spinach Seed

Characterization of Spinach Germplasm for Resistance Against Two Races of Verticillium dahliae

Crop Disease Management

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