Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

Mennin, Douglas S.; Fresco, David M.; Heimberg, Richard G.; Schneier, Franklin R.; Davies, Sharon; Liebowitz, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00134-2

Cited by 416 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, previous studies from this sample looking at the AUC between two measures of psychopathology such as the AUC between the quantitative attention problems score of the Child Behavior Checklist (which does not purport to measure ADHD per se) and the presence of DSM-IV ADHD were between .841 and .901 . Other studies measuring the AUC between a quantitative rating scale for a particular disorder and the presence or absence of its corresponding DSM diagnosis have been found to be .980 and above (Furlanetto, Mendlowicz, & Romildo Bueno, 2005;Mennin et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the boundary between temperament and generalized anxiety disorder: A receiver operating characteristic analysis

Rettew

Doyle

Kwan

et al. 2006

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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Studies of individuals with an increased tendency to experience negative emotions such as fear, sadness, and anger have documented links between this temperamental trait and anxiety disorders. There exists debate, however, concerning the degree to which high levels of a temperamental trait are a necessary and/or sufficient component of a DSM diagnosis. In this study, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses assessed the relations between levels of harm avoidance (HA) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) diagnoses in 334 children and their parents. Analyses revealed HA scores to be highly predictive of GAD diagnoses in children (AUC = .791, P <.001) and adults (AUC = .818, P <.001). However, there were many individuals with high HA scores who did not qualify for a GAD diagnosis. These findings suggest that while there are strong associations between HA and GAD, high levels of HA are neither necessary nor sufficient in the formation of clinically significant anxiety symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the boundary between temperament and generalized anxiety disorder: A receiver operating characteristic analysis

Rettew

Doyle

Kwan

et al. 2006

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…13 We included only patients whose primary diagnosis was social phobia (i.e., the most severe disorder according to the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule Adult Version [ADIS-IV] rating 14 ). We excluded patients with a history of neurologic disease, severe medical conditions, psychotic and affective disorders, promin ent risk of self-harm, current substance-related disorders, PTSD, traumatic exposure or personality disorders except for avoidant personality disorder (APD) (as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders [SCID-II] 15 ).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia

Irle

Ruhleder

Lange

et al. 2010

jpn

129

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Background: Structural and functional brain imaging studies suggest abnormalities of the amygdala and hippocampus in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. However, structural brain imaging studies in social phobia are lacking. Methods: In total, 24 patients with generalized social phobia (GSP) and 24 healthy controls underwent 3-dimensional structural magnetic resonance imaging of the amygdala and hippocampus and a clinical investigation. Results: Compared with controls, GSP patients had significantly reduced amygdalar (13%) and hippocampal (8%) size. The reduction in the size of the amygdala was statistically significant for men but not women. Smaller right-sided hippocampal volumes of GSP patients were significantly related to stronger disorder severity. Limitations: Our sample included only patients with the generalized subtype of social phobia. Because we excluded patients with comorbid depression, our sample may not be representative. Conclusion: We report for the first time volumetric results in patients with GSP. Future assessment of these patients will clarify whether these changes are reversed after successful treatment and whether they predict treatment response. Brief ReportReduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia IntroductionPresent evidence from functional brain imaging studies suggests that patients with social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or specific phobia share a pattern of hyperactivity of the amygdala and surrounding cortices, including the hippocampus, linked to negative emotional responses. 1 The majority of studies including patients with social phobia suggest that these changes may be most pronounced in the generalized subtype of social phobia (GSP). 2-4 A recent study suggests that these changes may resolve after successful psychotherapeutic or psychopharmacologic treatment of social phobia. 5 There is now an extensive body of evidence suggesting that PTSD 6 and major depressive disorder 7,8 are related to abnormal amygdalar and hippocampal size. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. Research in nonhuman primates has suggested that stress and prolonged glucocorticoid exposure may damage the hippocampus, 9 thus raising the possibility that stress may also induce hippocampal degeneration in humans with anxiety or affective disorders. Another possibility is that preexisting small hippocampal size increases the risk for developing anxiety or affective disorders. 10,11 However, structural brain imaging studies in social phobia are lacking. Given the fact that patients with traumatic and nontraumatic anxiety disorders share a pattern of medial temporal hyperactivity during functional neuroimaging, 1 investigation into structural aspects of the amygdala and hippocampus in social phobia are warranted. Furthermore, because the more severe form of social phobia (i.e., GSP) is likely associated with continuous and extreme stress, the possibility of a reduction of the size of the amygdal...

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“…Furthermore, it can be used to reliably classify individuals with and without social anxiety disorder as well as patients with generalized versus nongeneralized social anxiety disorder. [10] Using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses, [10] found that a score of 30 on the clinician-administered LSAS provided the best balance of sensitivity (the likelihood of having a positive test result among individuals with a positive diagnosis) and specificity (the likelihood of having a negative test result among individuals without the diagnosis) for differentiating patients with social anxiety disorder from healthy controls. Similarly, a score of 60 provided the best balance of sensitivity and specificity for classifying patients with generalized and nongeneralized social anxiety disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for social anxiety disorder with the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

et al. 2009

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Screening for social anxiety disorder in the clinical setting: using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

Cited by 416 publications

References 33 publications

Exploring the boundary between temperament and generalized anxiety disorder: A receiver operating characteristic analysis

Exploring the boundary between temperament and generalized anxiety disorder: A receiver operating characteristic analysis

Reduced amygdalar and hippocampal size in adults with generalized social phobia

Screening for social anxiety disorder with the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale

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