Screening for the High-Risk Diabetic Foot

Sibbald, R. Gary; Ayello, Elizabeth A.; Alavi, Afsáneh; Ostrow, Brian; Lowe, Julia; Botros, Mariam; Goodman, Laurie S.; Woo, Kevin; Smart, Hiske

doi:10.1097/01.asw.0000421460.21773.7b

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous studies of persons with diabetes have identified neuropathy (loss of protective sensation), peripheral vascular disease, prior foot ulcer, or previous amputation as risk factors for developing a foot ulcer [2] . Although optimal diabetes control reduces chronic complications, actual provision of diabetes care frequently falls short of accepted guidelines [3] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of a 60 second foot screening for patients with diabetes conducted on the 2011 world diabetes day

Adejumo

Fasanmade²

2013

JNEP

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Background: One of the disabling complications of diabetes is foot ulcer and a major way of preventing this complication is access to prompt and regular foot screening. However, because of many competing health demands of the patients, foot screening does not receive adequate attention and many do not get to be screened early enough especially in the developing countries like Nigeria. This study applied a foot screening protocol on diabetic patients who converged at the 2011 annual World Diabetes Day held in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods:This study was a one-day cross-sectional survey. Patients were screened for the risk of diabetic foot using the 60 Second Diabetic Foot Screen. The screening covered aspects of past histories of foot ulcers, circulatory disorders, foot deformities and peripheral neuropathy. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p=0.05. Results:Seventy-five patients with mean age of 60.0±12.6 years participated in the screening. Foot deformities (12%), thick planter calluses (13.3%), maceration between toes (16%) and peripheral neuropathy (21.3%) were seen among the patients. Overall, 29.2% of the patients presented with at least a risk for the development of foot ulcer and only random blood glucose was significantly associated (p=0.018) with peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions:This study has shown that about one out of every three of the patients with diabetes presented with at least a risk for the development of foot ulcer. This study has also demonstrated that foot screening carried out on special days like the World Diabetes Days may serve as an opportunity to provide at least once in a year foot screening access to patients with diabetes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of a 60 second foot screening for patients with diabetes conducted on the 2011 world diabetes day

Adejumo

Fasanmade²

2013

JNEP

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“…28,29 The Inlow's 60 second foot examination tool is used for the examination of diabetic patients' foot. 30 For a healthy well-being and optimal wound healing, comprehensive wound screening tools are important. The 60 second foot screening tool is developed by researchers as a simple tool that can screen diabetic foot ulcers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and credibility analysis of Inlow’s 60 second diabetic foot screening tool for diabetic foot risk stratification and its feasibility in India: a systematic review

2017

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Diabetes is the common cause for amputation of lower limb. Foot ulcers and associated complications are important causes of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes. Hence, it is important to predict diabetic foot ulcer in its early stages to eliminate the risks of foot amputation. Inlow’s 60 second diabetic foot ulcer screening tool is gaining immense attention over the years which is associated with its simplicity to use, rapid detection of high risk diabetic feet, and provides referral for patients necessitating treatment. A systematic review is conducted to assess the reliability and credibility of using Inlow’s 60 second diabetic foot screening tool for diabetic foot risk stratification and to examine its feasibility in the Indian context. Eight studies suited the inclusion criteria which were analysed systematically. The findings of the paper reveal that the sixty second tool acts as a better tool for diabetic foot ulcer risk stratification; however, modifications are necessary for its application in the Indian context.

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“…This is certainly due to a better understanding of the causative pathway leading from a foot ulcer to amputation, but specifi c determinants of this decrease are unknown [4,5]. Diabetic foot care has been recognised as a relevant problem and a lot of local strategies have been implemented in the last decade [6]. Especially in Germany, diabetic foot networks have been developed and built up eff ective structures [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of decreasing major amputation rates in Germany

Pütter

Stausberg

Beckerath

et al. 2016

Vasa

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Summary:Background: We analysed a potential association between the decrease in major amputations in Germany and the number of doctors, prescribed podologic foot care (PFC) and antidiabetic drugs, and performed percutaneous endoluminal angioplasties (PTA). Patients and methods: Data of all lower limb major amputations between 2007 and 2011, the cases hospitalised with an additional diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and the numbers of PTAs, and the number of doctors in private practices and in hospitals were obtained from the Federal Statistical Offi ce. Furthermore, the number of PFC treatments and prescribed antidiabetics for each of the fi ve years were derived from the federal report of the statutory health insurance. Results: Within the 5 year time period, major amputations decreased by 19.0%, from 17,846 in 2007 to 14,463 in 2011. There is an inverse relation between the number of major amputations and the increasing number of prescribed PFC, of doctors working in hospital and of below-the-knee PTA in the multiple Poisson regression analysis. The number of prescribed antidiabetics and that of all PTA showed a positive relation. In the multiple linear regression analysis with the dependent variable ratio of amputations and the cases hospitalised with an additional diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, only numbers of prescribed PFC and below-the-knee PTA still showed an inverse relation that reached a level of signifi cance. Conclusions: While substantial improvements in patients care by doctors, endovascular interventions, prescriptions of PFC and antidiabetic drugs are under discussion to reduce major amputation rates, in this approach including comprehensive data from Germany, only prescriptions of PFC and the number of below-the-knee PTA had an independent and signifi cant impact on the reduction of major amputations. It has to be pointed out that such a statistical association does not prove any causality.

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Screening for the High-Risk Diabetic Foot

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Results of a 60 second foot screening for patients with diabetes conducted on the 2011 world diabetes day

Results of a 60 second foot screening for patients with diabetes conducted on the 2011 world diabetes day

Reliability and credibility analysis of Inlow’s 60 second diabetic foot screening tool for diabetic foot risk stratification and its feasibility in India: a systematic review

Determinants of decreasing major amputation rates in Germany

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