“…Thus, metabolites present in blood due to cell damage/death or excretion stand an excellent chance of appearing in the urine as biomarkers. Urinary metabolite biomarkers of interest include those used to assess drug (Wilkins, 1997) and anabolic steroid abuse (Shelby et al, 2011), identify individuals with cancer (Ganti and Weiss, 2011) and other diseases (Kussmann et al, 2006), diagnose inborn errors of metabolism (Kuhara, 2007), determine exposure to carcinogens (Hecht, 2002), pesticides (Egeghy et al, 2011), and endocrine disruptors (Meeker et al, 2009), and monitor levels of oxidative stress (Roberts and Morrow, 2000). …”