Screening method for linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in sediments based on water Soxhlet extraction assisted by focused microwaves with on-line preconcentration/derivatization/detection

Alquilbenzeno sulfonato linear: uma abordagem ambiental e analítica

“…Métodos de extração em Soxhlet e por agitação são muito usados para a extração de LAS no sedimento. Recentemente foi desenvolvida uma técnica baseada na extração em Soxhlet, auxiliada por micro-ondas, que forneceu resultados de recuperação melhores (> 90%) e tempo de extração menor que a extração convencional em Soxhlet (2 h) 73 . A extração líquido-líquido (LLE) 74 aplicada a métodos não específicos para determinação de tensoativos em água requer uma aparelhagem simples e de baixo custo.…”

A new method for the routine analysis of LAS and PAH in sewage sludge by simultaneous sonication-assisted extraction prior to liquid chromatographic determination

“…In the last years, several analytical methods have been described in the literature for the determination of LAS and PAH separately in solid environmental samples, mainly in agricultural soils and sediments [18]. Most of these methods are based on determination by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet diode array detector (UV-DAD) [19], fluorescence detector (FLD) [20], or mass spectrometric [21,22] detectors. With regard to extraction procedures reported: traditional methods, e.g.…”

“…With regard to extraction procedures reported: traditional methods, e.g. soxhlet [14,[20][21][22][23], reflux [19] and shaking [24] extraction consume much solvent and time; and, more recent extraction methods, for example microwaves [16,25], pressurized-liquid extraction [26] and supercritical fluid extraction [27] require complex and expensive instrumentation; extraction assisted by sonication has demonstrated, however, to be an advantageous alternative both to conventional and novel extraction techniques [18,28,29]. Anyway, these analytical methods have been reported for the determination of these compounds in solid samples, separately or simultaneously with other compounds but there is no method in literature for the simultaneous extraction of LAS and PAH from sewage sludge and their further determination.…”

On-line monitoring of Soxhlet extraction by chromatography and mass spectrometry to reveal temporal extract profiles

“…Only few reports discuss the processes occurring inside the Soxhlet apparatus during extraction. The Soxhlet extraction of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates from sediment samples was monitored using an on-line flow-injection preconcentration/derivatization/detection manifold [34]. The release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from solid samples was monitored on-line by fluorescence detection [35].…”