Screening of antibiotic residue in poultry in Kathmandu valley of Nepal: A cross-sectional study

Sapkota, Rajiv; Raut, Ramila; Khanal, Santosh; Gyawali, Muna; Sahi, Dipesh

doi:10.29328/journal.apps.1001017

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Disregard for withdrawal periods may result in antimicrobial residue contamination in the food supply that can expose consumers to unknown levels of antimicrobials. Several studies in Nepal have demonstrated antimicrobial residues in sampled meat ranging from 13% up to 62% [28,29]. Although cooking temperatures destroy antimicrobial residues in meat, inadequately cooked meat may result in antimicrobial residue consumption and two major negative outcomes: antimicrobial resistance development and adverse drug reactions [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy implications for awareness gaps in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use among commercial Nepalese poultry producers

Lambrou

Innes

O’Sullivan

et al. 2021

glob health res policy

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Background Nepal’s poultry industry has increased with a growing middle class, which has translated to an increase in antimicrobial consumption and thus a rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Describing and understanding antimicrobial use practices among commercial poultry producers in Nepal may help minimize the risks of AMR development in both humans and animals and determine the effectiveness of relevant policies. Methods From July to August 2018, poultry farmers were randomly recruited from Nepal’s Chitwan District to participate in a cross-sectional study. The lead producer in each poultry operation was administered a quantitative structured-survey via a 30-min interview. Participants were asked to provide demographics, production practices, and knowledge about their antimicrobial use practices. Descriptive data analysis was performed to obtain frequencies and compare practices. Results In total, 150 commercial poultry producers of whom raised between 300 and 40,000 birds completed the interviews. Only 33% (n = 49) of producers reported knowing what AMR was, and among them only 50% (n = 25) consulted a veterinarian for treatment options. Antimicrobial administration for growth promotion was still employed by 13% of poultry producers. Similarly, critically important antimicrobial drugs, specifically colistin, were identified at 35% of participating operations. Producers reported low overall understanding and compliance of withdrawal periods (n = 41; 27%), which may result in both AMR development and adverse health reactions among consumers who ingest antimicrobial residues. Although Nepal has publicized antimicrobial use policies and awareness campaigns to instill healthy production practices, most producers (82%) were unaware of them. Conclusion Many Nepalese poultry producers lack overall antimicrobial use and AMR awareness, which is evidenced by low antimicrobial withdrawal period compliance, use of antimicrobials for growth promotion, and the sustained use of critically important antimicrobials. Improved outreach and educational capacities, paired with increased veterinary resources and extensive monitoring in operations and retail meat products, may increase AMR awareness and policy enforcement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy implications for awareness gaps in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use among commercial Nepalese poultry producers

Lambrou

Innes

O’Sullivan

et al. 2021

glob health res policy

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“…In consistence with the observation of the present study, prevalence of antimicrobial residues in broiler chicken has earlier been recorded in many developing countries. For instance, Nonga et al (2009) and Shareef et al (2009) reported 70% and 52% antibiotic residues in broiler chicken respectively, while Sapkota et al (2019) and Raut et al (2017) reported a lower rate of 13% in Kathmandu valley and 22% in Nepal. Sapkota et al (2019) explained that the differences in results could be due to various reasons, such as the use of different bacteria as test organism and their varied susceptibility to different antibiotics, inconsistencies in sample size, the variation of the practice of antibiotic use in different locations and differences in the methods for detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of antimicrobial residues in broiler chickens from selected farms and markets in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Sha’arani,

Aminu,

Aminu

2024

dujopas

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The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animal meant for human and animal’s consumption lead to occurrence of antibiotic residues which threaten the health of both animals and humans. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of antimicrobial residues in broiler chicken in Kano state, Nigeria. Samples of fresh breast muscle, thigh muscle, liver and kidney were collected from 100 birds and examined using microbial inhibition test and ELISA test to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial residues and Enrofloxacin residues. A questionnaire was also administered to 33 workers and managers of the selected bird’s farms to assess their knowledge on the use of antibiotics and presence of antimicrobial residues. The result of the study revealed that 43% of the studied birds tested positive to antibiotic residue. Kidney samples recorded the highest (43%) residue present while thigh muscles (35%) recorded the least. The result indicated that among the birds detected with positive antibiotic residues, 36.4% were also positive for Enrofloxacin residue. All the respondents were using one or more antibiotic for treatment, prophylaxis or both and to a lesser extent as growth promoters. Majority (55.5%) of the respondents were not aware of the presence of residues in poultry. Most of the respondents (63.7%) have knowledge of withdrawal period but all of them were not observing withdrawal practice before disposing their birds. Doxycycline antibiotic was found to be the most indiscriminately use antibiotic, while erythromycin and chloramphenicol are the least. The study advocates the need for awareness campaigns for the farmers on the correct way of administering the antibiotics with special emphasis on withdrawal periods as well as continuous monitoring of the residues for public health reasons.

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“…Similarly, a separate study conducted at Gorkha, Parsa, Chitwan, and Kathmandu districts with broiler meat detected as high as 40% (32/80) penicillin, aminoglycoside, and Tetracyclines by the rapid test kit (Rawal, 2015). Another cross-sectional study conducted in Kathmandu valley in 2019, by the use of disc assay methods, detected 13.33 (8/60) poultry meat samples by Sapkota et al (2019).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Meat, Cow and Buffalo Milk Samples in Nepal

Gompo¹,

Sapkota²,

Subedi³

et al. 2020

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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In animal products, antibiotic residue is a serious concern for public health in the Himalayan nation, Nepal. A cross-sectional study on antibiotic residues in chicken meat, milk samples of cows, and buffaloes was conducted in selected districts of different provinces of Nepal. Altogether 126 chicken meat samples, 42 each from Kailali (Farwestern Province), Kaski (Gandaki Province), and Nuwakot (Bagmati Province) districts were tested for tetracycline, sulphonamides, penicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin residues by the ELISA method. At Kaski district approximately 57 % (24/42), 50 % (21/42) and 83% (35/42) of meat samples were tested positive for gentamicin (mean-ppb:11.5 μg/Kg/L), tetracycline (mean-ppb:1.44 μg/Kg/L), and fluoroquinolones (mean-ppb: 11.46 μg/ Kg/L) residues respectively. In Kailali and Nuwakot district, 48% (20/42) and 50 % (21/ 42) of meat samples deemed positive for sulphonamides (mean-ppb:15.9 μg/ Kg/L) and penicillin (mean-ppb: 0.39 μg/ Kg/L) residues, respectively. Of the total 168 tests performed in milk samples from Kavre district, 55% (93/168) of the milk samples were tested positive to antibiotic residues for gentamicin, streptomycin, and sulphonamides. The chicken meat samples had antibiotic residues within the national maximum residue limit (MRL); however, milk samples exceeded the national MRL for sulphonamides residues (mean-ppb: 26.44 μg/ Kg/L). The effective surveillance for antibiotic residues in animal products should be implemented strictly in Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(3): 355-362

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Screening of antibiotic residue in poultry in Kathmandu valley of Nepal: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Policy implications for awareness gaps in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use among commercial Nepalese poultry producers

Policy implications for awareness gaps in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use among commercial Nepalese poultry producers

Occurrence of antimicrobial residues in broiler chickens from selected farms and markets in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Monitoring of Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Meat, Cow and Buffalo Milk Samples in Nepal

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