Screening of Bacteria Inhibiting Clostridium perfringens and Assessment of Their Beneficial Effects In Vitro and In Vivo with Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis

Abstract

Various countries and organizations call for banning the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as prophylaxis and for growth promotion in the livestock industry. Hence, seeking a substitute for antibiotics is strongly required by the livestock industry to maintain the productivity level and profits. Probiotics could represent one viable solution because of their beneficial effects on host health and maintaining the intestinal microbiota balance. In the present study, we aimed to isolate bacterial strains with probiotics properties from JinHua pig (a Chinese native pig breed) gastrointestinal tract that have antagonistic activity against to common disease-causing bacteria on farms. The four most potent strains were isolated (PP31, BA11, BA40, BV5) by the agar well diffusion method and further characterized by acid, bile salt, trypsin tolerance, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and suppressing Clostridium perfringens adhesion to IPEC-J2 cells. According to these results, BA40 had the highest number and variety of probiotic secondary metabolic secretion genes and capacity to exclude the attachment of Clostridium perfringens to IPEC-J2 cells as same as PB6. The animal experiment in vivo illustrated that BA40 and PB6 could reduce the phenomenon induced by Clostridium perfringens challenge of body weight loss, colon length decrease, pro-inflammatory cytokine increase, and Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli increase. The present study provides evidence that BA40 could represent a novel probiotic candidate as PB6, which exhibited some probiotic features and mitigated the burden of Clostridium perfringens associated gut disease.

In vitro and genomic mining studies of anti-Clostridium perfringens Compounds Derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

“…Apart from the production of antimicrobial compounds, B. amyloliquefaciens could outcompete C. perfringens for nutrients and other resources within the gut environment. Studies involving murine models have demonstrated that the Ba40 strain was able to outperform C. perfringens by adhering to gut epithelium and proliferating ( Zhao et al 2016 , Jiang et al 2022 ). Additionally, B. amyloliquefaciens stimulates the host's immune response against C. perfringens , reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( Zhao et al 2016 , Jiang et al 2022 ).…”

“…Studies involving murine models have demonstrated that the Ba40 strain was able to outperform C. perfringens by adhering to gut epithelium and proliferating ( Zhao et al 2016 , Jiang et al 2022 ). Additionally, B. amyloliquefaciens stimulates the host's immune response against C. perfringens , reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( Zhao et al 2016 , Jiang et al 2022 ). By producing immunomodulatory compounds such as exopolysaccharides, B. amyloliquefaciens activates the host's immune system, enhancing its resistance to bacterial infections ( Sung et al 2022 ).…”

Whole genome sequencing and analysis of selenite-reducing bacteria Bacillus paralicheniformis SR14 in response to different sugar supplements

“…To further investigate the possible mechanism on its selenite reduction, the genome-wide analysis was used in this study. Our previous study had shown the genomic characteristics and antibacterial capacity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BA40 against Clostridium perfringens (Jiang et al 2022 ). In this study, our analyses indicated that the expression of sugar metabolism, energy metabolism, and selenoprotein metabolism pathway genes played an important role in SR14 fermentation.…”

Unveiling the Probiotic Potential of the Anaerobic Bacterium Cetobacterium sp. nov. C33 for Enhancing Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultures

“…In addition, the positive activity of esterase is related to the breaking activity of the ester bonds of polysaccharides, favoring the action of hydrolases of high molecular weight compounds such as carbohydrates and proteins. Likewise, the positive activity of acid phosphatase is important for the degradation of organic phosphorus found primarily in plant and animal protein sources [43]. In addition to these characteristics, the C33 strain has the possibility of using different energy sources such as glucose, sucrose, maltose, salicin, mannitol, and trehalose, a fact that may favor the fish's nutrition, improving the absorption of nutrients by solubilizing the elements of the diets through extracellular enzymes; this facilitates the absorption of individual molecules through the intestinal epithelium of the animal host [44,45] and provides enzymes that the animal host does not have [44,46].…”