Screening of Biodegradable Function of Indigenous Ligno-degrading Mushroom Using Dyes

Abstract

The process of biodegradation in lingo-cellulosic materials is critically relevant to biospheric carbon. The study of this natural process has largely involved laboratory investigations, focused primarily on the biodegradation and recycling of agricultural by-products, generally using basidiomycetes species. In order to collect super white rot fungi and evaluate its ability to degrade lingo-cellulosic material, 35 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye. In the laccase enzymatic analysis chemical test, 33 white rot fungi and 2 brown rot fungi were identified. The degradation ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) according to the utilized environmental conditions was higher in the mushrooms grown in dead trees and fallen leaves than in the mushrooms grown in humus soil and livestock manure. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAH-degradation activity of the identified strains, four strains, including Agrocybe pediades, were selected. The activities of laccase, MnP, and Lip of the four strains with PAH-degrading ability were highest in Pleurotus incarnates. 87 fungal strains, collected from forests, humus soil, livestock manure, and dead trees, were screened for enzyme activities and their potential to decolorize the commercially used Poly-R 478 dye on solid media. Using Poly-R 478 dye to assess the PAHdegrading activity of the identified strains, it was determined that MKACC 51632 and 52492 strains evidenced superior activity in static and shaken liquid cultures. Subsequent screening on plates containing the polymeric dye poly R-478, the decolorization of which is correlated with lignin degradation, resulted in the selection of a strain of Coriolus versicolor, MKACC52492, for further study, primarily due to its rapid growth rate and profound ability to decolorize poly R-478 on solid media. Considering our findings using Poly-R 478 dye to evaluate the PAH-degrading activity of the identified strains, Coriolus versicolor, MKACC 52492 was selected as a favorable strain. Coriolus versicolor, which was collected from Mt. Yeogi in Suwon, was studied for the production of the lignin-modifying enzymes laccase, manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP).

The contribution of fungi to the global economy

“…Some fungal species are effective degraders of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Al Farraj et al 2020). Some genera of fungi used for degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are Agaricus (Li et al 2010), Armillaria (Hadibarata and Kristanti 2013), Ganoderma (Agrawal et al 2018), Marasmiellus (Vieira et al 2018), Phanerochaete (Wang et al 2009), Pleurotus (Li et al 2010;Hadibarata and Teh 2014), and Trametes (as Coriolus) (Jang et al 2009). However, these projects are all at experimental stages.…”

Biological Treatments for Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutions: The Eco-Friendly Technologies

“…Mycoremediation involves using fungi processes to biodegrade hazardous contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons to less toxic or non-toxic forms, thereby reducing or eliminating environmental contaminants [115][116][117]. Fungi can degrade variable environmental recalcitrant pollutants due to their ability to produce and secrete extracellular enzymes such as peroxidases that break down lignin and cellulose [118,119]. Ligninolytic fungi such as the white-rot fungi Polyporus sp.…”

Hazardous Waste Management

“…Mycoremediation involves using fungi processes to biodegrade hazardous contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons to less toxic or non-toxic forms, thereby reducing or eliminating environmental contaminants [115][116][117]. Fungi can degrade variable environmental recalcitrant pollutants due to their ability to produce and secrete extracellular enzymes such as peroxidases that break down lignin and cellulose [118,119]. Ligninolytic fungi such as the white-rot fungi Polyporus sp.…”