Screening of Cellulase, Pectinase and Xylanase activities and optimization of radial Mycelial growth of two Thermophilic Fungi

Azad, Kumkum; Hossain, Faruque M.; Halim, Abdul Karimi

doi:10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18021

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Colorimetric methods in Petri dishes have been widely used for the selection of microbial enzymes. In these methods, the target enzyme converts a colorless substrate into a colored one or changes the medium color, as used for the screening of asparaginase and glutaminase ( Thenmozhi et al, 2011 ; Patil et al, 2012 ; Dhale and Mohan-Kumari, 2014 ), ligninases ( Verma et al, 2010 ; Chen et al, 2011 ), lipases ( Duarte et al, 2013 ), xylanases, and cellulases ( Azad et al, 2013 ). Analysis of halos, formed by substrate degradation around the colony, may be applied, such as for protease screening ( Zhang and Kim, 2010 ).…”

Section: Production Of Enzymes By Marine-derived Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine-derived fungi: diversity of enzymes and biotechnological applications

et al. 2015

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The ocean is considered to be a great reservoir of biodiversity. Microbial communities in marine environments are ecologically relevant as intermediaries of energy, and play an important role in nutrient regeneration cycles as decomposers of dead and decaying organic matter. In this sense, marine-derived fungi can be considered as a source of enzymes of industrial and/or environmental interest. Fungal strains isolated from different substrates, such as invertebrates, decaying wood, seawater, sediments, and mangrove detritus, have been reported to be producers of hydrolytic and/or oxidative enzymes, with alginate lyase, amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucosidase, inulinase, keratinase, ligninase, lipase, nuclease, phytase, protease, and xylanase being among the enzymes produced by fungi of marine origin. These enzymes present temperature and pH optima ranging from 35 to 70∘C, and 3.0 to 11.0, respectively. High-level production in bioreactors is mainly performed using submerged-state fermentation. Certain marine-derived fungal strains present enzymes with alkaline and cold-activity characteristics, and salinity is considered an important condition in screening and production processes. The adaptability of marine-derived fungi to oceanic conditions can be considered an attractive point in the field of fungal marine biotechnology. In this review, we focus on the advances in discovering enzymes from marine-derived fungi and their biotechnological relevance.

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Section: Production Of Enzymes By Marine-derived Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine-derived fungi: diversity of enzymes and biotechnological applications

et al. 2015

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“…For instance, ribosomal biogenesis and organization was detected from these analyses that were not previously identified in the agar-based analysis in Chapter 3. Furthermore, a possible link with histone acetylation/deacetylation was also detected here, that was not detected in Chapter 3, but is consistent with the acetylation/deacetylation effect of the iron chelator curcumin previously reported (Azad et al, 2013). For future work, characterization of the validated hits to determine their mechanistic role under extract treatment is required to fully comprehend the underlying molecular response to the P. insularum extracts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The homozygous deletion of NAP1, which is critical to the function of histone chaperones (Ishimi & Kikuchi, 1999), was also found to be hypersensitive to the methanolic extract of P. insularum. Intriguingly, iron deprivation induced by curcumin treatment led to modifications in histone acetylation and degradation of Sml1p, an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase that also functions in regulating dNTP production (Azad et al, 2013;Chabes et al, 1999;Zhao et al, 1998). A similar cumulative effect of iron deprivation on dNTP levels could explain why hda3Δ and nap1Δ were hypersensitive to P. insularum extract treatment in our HOP analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Multiple studies have also utilized yeast chemical genetic approaches to identify molecular targets and MOA of natural products. These natural products include, but are not limited to, products of marine sources such as sponge-derived drugs peloruside A, neothyonidioside, laulimalide and plakortide F, as well as plant sources such as artemisinin and curcumin (Azad et al, 2013;Best et al, 2013;Li et al, 2005;Minear et al, 2011;Wilmes et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2011;Yibmantasiri et al, 2012).…”

Section: Yeast Chemical Genetic Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Samoan Medicinal Plants via Chemical Genetic Analyses

Molimau-Samasoni¹

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Natural products are a robust source of drug leads, and medicinal plants have been the source of natural products that are important pharmaceuticals in modern medicine. Samoan medicinal plants have been investigated in the past, but their potential as a source of new drug leads has not been realized. I hypothesized that determining the mechanism of action of Samoan medicinal plant extracts would provide insight into their pharmaceutical potential. The work described herein was carried out on 11 Samoan medicinal plants, from which 22 extracts were prepared. A bioactivity rate of 68% was determined when 15 of the 22 extracts inhibited the growth of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The medicinal plant Psychotria insularum was the most potent, thus genome-wide analyses were completed using the haploid deletion mutant library of S. cerevisiae. Yeast strains deficient in iron transport were hypersensitive to the P. insularum aqueous extract. Further investigations showed that exogenous iron supplementation rescued the growth defect induced by P. insularum extracts, suggesting that P. insularum reduced intracellular iron. Fittingly, yeast cells treated with P. insularum extracts contained less intracellular iron than control cells. Paraxodically, the expression levels of iron transporter proteins were upregulated upon extract treatment. When we investigated iron-requiring cellular processes, we found that yeast cells treated with P. insularum extracts exhibited a respiratory deficient phenotype and reduced heme synthesis, indicative of an impaired cellular iron status. These findings suggested that P. insularum reduced bioavailable iron leading to the induction of the low iron response, and indeed the extracts of P. insularum were shown to chelate iron via the iron-chelating CAS assay. To translate results from yeast to mammalian cells, we treated primary murine macrophages with P. insularum extracts and detected an anti-inflammatory response, which we found to correlate with reduced activity of the iron-requiring aconitase enzyme. We further determined using pooled diploid mutant genetic analyses that the extracts of P. insularum did not have a genetic target. To identify the compound mediating the iron chelation mechanism, bioassay-guided isolation was conducted. Fractionation of the crude aqueous extract of P. insularum produced a relatively pure fraction that NMR and the acid-butanol assay identified as a condensed tannin. Together, these results indicate a relationship between iron chelation, a condensed tannin and inflammation. Further, we established an iron chelation mechanism of action by which P. insularum extracts are used to treat inflammation-associated symptoms in traditional Samoan medicine. Lastly, the findings presented here substantiate the reliability of plants with ethnobotanical background as sources for bioactive natural products.

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“…For this study we chose the enzyme Thermomyces lanuginosus xylanase (TLX) [7]. The enzyme is isolated from a thermophilic fungus with an optimal thriving temperature of around 50˚C [8] and is commercially available. Xylanases are often used in the feed, food, pulp, and paper industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume Change of the Random Coil to Folded Conformational Transition of Thermomyces lanuginosus Xylanase at 24&#176C and pH = 7.0 via Application of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

Wilks¹,

Arrington²,

Britt³

2014

JBPC

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A partial phase diagram characterizing the conformational change that occurs in Thermomyces lanuginosus xylanase as it is slowly heated in 150 mM sodium phosphate (pH = 7.0) has been constructed from slow-scan-rate differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was applied to determine an associated volume change of −205 L•mol −1 at 24˚C, the equilibrium transition temperature at 1.0 atm pressure. This value is in excellent agreement with that predicted using a previously published [1] empirical equation for calculating the hydrodynamic radius if the transition is regarded as from a random coil to a functional, folded state and with the assumption that the hydrodynamic radius is a good approximation of the true random coil radius. The existence of a low-temperature random coil is confirmed by circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering measurements. Thus, at 24˚C and 1.0 atm pressure the enzyme appears to fold from a random coil to a functional, folded form as it is slowly heated.

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Screening of Cellulase, Pectinase and Xylanase activities and optimization of radial Mycelial growth of two Thermophilic Fungi

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Marine-derived fungi: diversity of enzymes and biotechnological applications

Marine-derived fungi: diversity of enzymes and biotechnological applications

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Samoan Medicinal Plants via Chemical Genetic Analyses

Volume Change of the Random Coil to Folded Conformational Transition of <i>Thermomyces</i> <i>lanuginosus</i> Xylanase at 24&#176C and pH = 7.0 via Application of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

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Screening of Cellulase, Pectinase and Xylanase activities and optimization of radial Mycelial growth of two Thermophilic Fungi

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Marine-derived fungi: diversity of enzymes and biotechnological applications

Marine-derived fungi: diversity of enzymes and biotechnological applications

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Samoan Medicinal Plants via Chemical Genetic Analyses

Volume Change of the Random Coil to Folded Conformational Transition of &lt;i&gt;Thermomyces&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;lanuginosus&lt;/i&gt; Xylanase at 24&amp;#176C and pH = 7.0 via Application of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

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Volume Change of the Random Coil to Folded Conformational Transition of <i>Thermomyces</i> <i>lanuginosus</i> Xylanase at 24&#176C and pH = 7.0 via Application of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation